If a landlord verbally asks a tenant to leave or writes them an email or note asking them to leave, this does not begin the formal eviction process. In her free time, she enjoys getting into nature to hike, surf and scuba dive. If a tenant is evicted and the owner refuses to return the tenants personal property, the tenant should call the police. In Ontario for example, rule 5 (a) has an exemption for the Traveling or vacationing public. A large Chicago police presence arrived Wednesday afternoon at the Trump International Hotel and Tower, located in the citys central Loop near the Chicago River. Such contracts are mere matters of oral consent, and are legal without further formality. 
What it is: At the end of a lease the landlord can file for eviction if: Recommended: For persistent late payments, the tenant should demonstrate that they have funds to afford the rent, and are committed to paying on time in future. (a) For purposes of this section, hotel means any hotel, motel, bed and breakfast inn, or other similar transient lodging establishment, but it shall not include any residential hotel as defined in Section 50519 of the Health and Safety Code. She likes to write comedy and about the Canadian housing market, which is not so humorous. A large Chicago police presence arrived Wednesday afternoon at the Trump International Hotel and Tower, located in the citys central Loop near the Chicago River. Tenants may represent themselves or obtain legal representation at the hearing. WebYou may also be able to evict your tenant for exceeding the rental limit. 
The RTA does not apply to people living in: *This list is not exhaustive and individuals should consult a lawyer or legal clinic if they have questions about their specific circumstances. Hotels can be defined as commercial establishments that provide lodging and, often, meals and other services to the public. You must serve tenants a 7 The unit was rented so the tenant could receive therapeutic care and the agreed period of tenancy has ended. Contact the Rental Housing Enforcement Unit at 1-888-772-9277 immediately. It may be noted that a person who is not a guest and has no intention of becoming a guest will not have the legal right to enter or remain in a hotel against the will of the innkeeper. Assuming the posting is reasonable, this can limit the liability to what is stolen from the safe, not what is simply left out in the room, unless negligence was shown by the inn keeper in selection of employees, etc. Does the occupant haveexclusive control over theunit? However, a resort facility offering sleeping accommodations to the public may meet the statutory definition of an innkeeper..
Rentals.ca has broken down what you need to know about your rights when living with roommates in Ontario before you sign on the dotted line.
What law applies to commercial tenancies? Find out if there is a development/building application for the site. Find legal help. On the other hand, if a tenant is living with their landlord and did not pay rent, the landlord does not have a legal obligation under the RTA to give 14-day notice. In order to enforce the lien, a motel, hotel, inn, furnished apartment house, boardinghouse, and lodging house keeper has the right to enter peaceably the premises used by his/her guest in such premises without liability to such guest for conversion, trespass, or forcible entry. An inn is not a hotel, is not a boarding house, is not a motelor are they? Landlords are required to give official notices of eviction which starts the eviction process. Landlord requirements: Landlords must file an application for eviction at The Landlord and Tenant Board and can do this the day after the termination date stated in the notice (N7). For a complete list of grounds for eviction under RTA-covered leases, refer to Community Legal Education Ontarios easy-to-read guide. One of the primary tenant rights that could apply to hotel guests is the right to a formal eviction proceeding if the property owner wishes to remove the guest from the But it is essential that a party must be a transient and if s/he is transient s/he may become a guest. Tenants can also talk to tenants in the same building to organize. However, the occupant and his mother brought an action against the hotel. Receiving a notice does not mean they have been evicted. WebCommunity Legal Services of Ottawa Community Legal Services of Ottawa provides free legal services for persons with low income, living in Ottawa, in 3 areas of law: all areas of Public Benefits Law, Housing Law for tenants, and Immigration and Refugee Law. The law affords tenants many rights that are typically not afforded to hotel guests, in part because a guest's stay in a hotel is usually much shorter than a tenant's stay in a rental. The Residential Tenancies Act, effective Jan. 31, 2007, is the legislation that sets the rights and responsibilities of landlords and tenants who rent residential properties. As more and more hotels offered parking, this distinction become obsolete and motels became simply informal hotels. Note that this does not include the right to discriminate based on race, religion, ethnicity, etc. Where do I turn, if my landlord withholds my money or interferes with my property? The status of a place of public accommodation as an inn or hotel is a question of fact and determined from the circumstances. If youre not exactly kumbayaing with your rooming housemates, you may find yourself without a permanent address after one false move even if the cops who show up agree that your slow cooking smells delicious and that your loved ones are delightful.
When that situation ocurs, suddenly the questions of characterization of the accommodation can be critical. I am doing this not just for any guest, but for the most helpless guest and thats my job.. Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. Privacy Policy, What you need to know about your rights if you are a roommate or boarder. If landlords attempt to prevent access, they are in violation of the act. For easy-to-understand debt solutions on your terms, contact our preferred experts 4Pillars In the former, a guest or guest of a guest is injured by some condition on the premises, often in the parking lot, and the hotels insurance company normally becomes involved. Federal law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, etc.
If a tenant believes there was a mistake in how the Residential Tenancy Act was applied to their case, they may file an Appeal at Division Court. Check the termination date to see if the notice is valid. Who Is Covered by the Residential Tenancies Act, Eviction Prevention in the Community (EPIC) Program, City programs that can provide assistance, Application to Evict a Tenant for Non-Payment of Rent and to Collect Rent the Tenant Owes, Application to End a Tenancy and Evict A Tenant, Rights & Responsibilities for Landlords & Tenants.
In this Act, inn includes a hotel, inn, tavern, public house or other place of refreshment, the keeper of which is by law responsible for the goods of his guests; (auberge) innkeeper means the keeper of any such place. LTB hearings can be lengthy and delayed. S/he also loses any privacy interest associated with the room. Likewise, an inn keeper who keeps unsafe premises such that a guest is a victim of a crime may be liable for the unsafe condition under that same theory of negligence. For more on lock-outs, and how tenants who are illegally locked out can get a judicial order for immediate reentry, please see TRLAs Lockouts Guide. If you are worried enough to vacate before the move-out date in your rental agreement (if one is specified), we encourage you to document the issues in photos and videos and get dates and times of occurrences in writing. There is no necessity to acquire a right of action for ejecting a guest who behaves improperly or disorderly. Under the RTA, the Landlord Tenant Board (LTB) was created to solve disputes between tenants and their landlords. jQuery(function ($) { It is not a trespass for one to enter an inn without a previous actual invitation. It provides rules for increasing the rent, evicting a tenant, maintenance, etc. The RTA covers people living in rental housing. Under some jurisdictions lien rights on baggage and effects kept at a lodging house arise only when a special agreement has been made between the keeper of any lodging house and any person lodging at such house, regarding the price of such lodging. When a property not in the custody of a guest is lost or damaged, an innkeeper is liable only as a bailee for the property of guests. This will void the notice, meaning that a landlord cannot apply for your eviction at the Landlord and Tenant Board. Whats this about the Rental Housing Enforcement Unit? Residential Landlords and Tenants Where can I turn? Present evidence at the hearing as to why a tenant is being evicted. If this is a tenants second N5 Notice to End Tenancy in the past six months, the termination date on page one must be at least 14 days after notice is given. The lien in favor of a boarding-house keeper consists in his/her right to retain possession of the chattels in opposition to the title of the guest until the charge respecting them is paid. In both instances, the tenant may be able to sue the owner in Small Claims Court if they have evidence to prove their case. Dixon v. Robbins, 246 N.Y. 169 (N.Y. 1927). Although some roommate arrangements might be covered by the RTA, others are not, which creates a legal grey area. Later she was informed that she no longer had a room at that hotel. This helps you: If you are a landlord or a tenant, and are considering hiring an Agent, complete the Form below for a Free Consultation. Only Notices from the Landlord and Tenant Board are legal. Whether you are in a landlord-tenant relationship or an innkeeper/guest relationship determines what rights you have regarding your residence. The Eviction Prevention in the Community (EPIC) Program is a program project that provides wrap around eviction prevention services in order to help tenants facing imminent risk of eviction. When a guest is obnoxious for some reason, he may be forcibly removed without resort to legal process, provided no more force is used than necessary.
In the latter, the inn keeper is compelled to take corrective steps to preserve the peace which leads to altercations and later litigation. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. WebOntario tenants have a right to the quiet and peaceful enjoyment of their rented premises.
All rights reserved. Give 120 days notice in the form of an N13 form for their application to the Landlord and Tenant Board in order for the eviction order to be valid. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. It is only at this time when a tenant can receive an eviction order from the Landlord and Tenant Board that they need to move out. A landlord may not remove you without going through the formal eviction process in court, which does not end until you have lost your case and the judge issues a writ of possession, an order that authorizes a peace officer to remove you and your belongings. If the written warning failed to correct the unwanted behaviour within an RTA-mandated time frame for the offence, the landlord would then file a notice for a hearing at the Landlord and Tenant Board, where an adjudicator would hear both sides and have the final say. Under the RTA, landlords are not allowed to enforce evictions, change locks, or otherwise prevent tenants from accessing their units, even while an LTB hearing is underway. Landlord Requirements : A landlord must file an application for eviction at the Landlord and Tenant Board and can do this the day after the termination date stated in the notice (N4). Some but not all rented rooms are covered by the RTA. If accepted, a landlords application for eviction will prompt a hearing where a tenant will have to defend their tenancy. The enforcement of lien rights is not contrary to public policy. Innkeepers shall also be liable for the injury caused by the defective condition of the inn premises. If the landlord is giving notice for reason 2 (landlord requires the rental unit to be vacant in order to do repairs or renovations so extensive that they require to get a building permit and the rental unit must be vacant to do the work), they must offer Right of Return. Common offences include violating the quiet enjoyment of your neighbours or smoking in the unit under a non-smoking lease. The inn keeper has little choice about becoming involved if a guest is behaving in an obnoxious manner such as to alienate other guests or even cause a disturbance between guests. Tenants' rights if care services are provided. $.post("https://www.legalline.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php",{action:"phone_ads_views_tracking",phone_ads_id:id}); Self-help evictions of tenants are illegal in Texas. An eviction is a formal procedure that is managed by the Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. A tenant is not required to take any action upon receiving a notice unless they are able to void the notice (for example, by paying owed rent). UPDATE APRIL 27, 2021. Does a tenant have the right to keep pets?
Under New York law, a guest becomes a tenant after they stay at the hotel/motel for 30 consecutive days (30 Contact a qualified real estate attorney to help you navigate any landlord-tenant issues. If you do not share a kitchen or bathroom with the landlord and you are not on the lease, you may not be protected by the RTA.
If a tenant is unable to pay the rent owed, they may be eligible for. You are unlikely to find a judge who will throw you a bone if you have been throwing things yourself. If you do not receive an Application and a Notice of Hearing, there is a chance your landlord is only threatening you. Do I have any legal recourse as a boarder in a rooming house? The majority of tenants in Ontario are protected by the RTA. Most tenants are covered by the Residential Tenancies Act, which sets out the rights and obligations of residential landlords and tenants. Additionally, an innkeeper can eject a guest engaged in unlawful or objectionable conduct. To charge an innkeeper with the extraordinary liability of an innkeeper for the safety of the property of a guest, the property should be in some manner placed in the custody and control of the innkeeper. More and more low- and middle-income earners are being forced out of Toronto and the GTA, facing longer commutes and displacement from the communities they have long called home. It covers renters of apartments, houses, boarding houses, retirement and care homes, and mobile homes.
Landlords must file an L-form Application with the Landlord and Tenant Board. In a situation like this, they should reach out to a legal clinic for assistance. Co. v. Commodore Hotel Co., 205 Iowa 736 (Iowa 1928). A landlord may not remove you without going through the formal eviction process in court, which does not end until you have lost your case and the judge issues a Example: Photos, emails, take notes for any verbal conversations. Though there are many benefits to this cost-effective option, not all roommate arrangements are created equal. More on that later. . Brams v. Briggs, 272 Mich. 38 (Mich. 1935). Second Reading of Bill 82, An Act respecting accessible public transit./Deuxime lecture du projet de loi 82, Loi concernant des transports en commun accessibles.Doly Begum.
Wait! The Landlord and Tenant Board N-forms are notices to inform tenants of a landlords intention to file an LTB application (L-form). Such a person has a duty to leave peacefully when requested. How can a landlord evaluate potential tenants? Tenants must be given notice in writing 24 hours ahead of time. This is commonly done by written notices in the room. The court added that the means used to remove were not unlawful. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. No Amendments.
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What it is: At the end of a lease the landlord can file for eviction if: Recommended: For persistent late payments, the tenant should demonstrate that they have funds to afford the rent, and are committed to paying on time in future. (a) For purposes of this section, hotel means any hotel, motel, bed and breakfast inn, or other similar transient lodging establishment, but it shall not include any residential hotel as defined in Section 50519 of the Health and Safety Code. She likes to write comedy and about the Canadian housing market, which is not so humorous. A large Chicago police presence arrived Wednesday afternoon at the Trump International Hotel and Tower, located in the citys central Loop near the Chicago River. Tenants may represent themselves or obtain legal representation at the hearing. WebYou may also be able to evict your tenant for exceeding the rental limit. The RTA does not apply to people living in: *This list is not exhaustive and individuals should consult a lawyer or legal clinic if they have questions about their specific circumstances. Hotels can be defined as commercial establishments that provide lodging and, often, meals and other services to the public. You must serve tenants a 7 The unit was rented so the tenant could receive therapeutic care and the agreed period of tenancy has ended. Contact the Rental Housing Enforcement Unit at 1-888-772-9277 immediately. It may be noted that a person who is not a guest and has no intention of becoming a guest will not have the legal right to enter or remain in a hotel against the will of the innkeeper. Assuming the posting is reasonable, this can limit the liability to what is stolen from the safe, not what is simply left out in the room, unless negligence was shown by the inn keeper in selection of employees, etc. Does the occupant haveexclusive control over theunit? However, a resort facility offering sleeping accommodations to the public may meet the statutory definition of an innkeeper.. Rentals.ca has broken down what you need to know about your rights when living with roommates in Ontario before you sign on the dotted line.
What law applies to commercial tenancies? Find out if there is a development/building application for the site. Find legal help. On the other hand, if a tenant is living with their landlord and did not pay rent, the landlord does not have a legal obligation under the RTA to give 14-day notice. In order to enforce the lien, a motel, hotel, inn, furnished apartment house, boardinghouse, and lodging house keeper has the right to enter peaceably the premises used by his/her guest in such premises without liability to such guest for conversion, trespass, or forcible entry. An inn is not a hotel, is not a boarding house, is not a motelor are they? Landlords are required to give official notices of eviction which starts the eviction process. Landlord requirements: Landlords must file an application for eviction at The Landlord and Tenant Board and can do this the day after the termination date stated in the notice (N7). For a complete list of grounds for eviction under RTA-covered leases, refer to Community Legal Education Ontarios easy-to-read guide. One of the primary tenant rights that could apply to hotel guests is the right to a formal eviction proceeding if the property owner wishes to remove the guest from the But it is essential that a party must be a transient and if s/he is transient s/he may become a guest. Tenants can also talk to tenants in the same building to organize. However, the occupant and his mother brought an action against the hotel. Receiving a notice does not mean they have been evicted. WebCommunity Legal Services of Ottawa Community Legal Services of Ottawa provides free legal services for persons with low income, living in Ottawa, in 3 areas of law: all areas of Public Benefits Law, Housing Law for tenants, and Immigration and Refugee Law. The law affords tenants many rights that are typically not afforded to hotel guests, in part because a guest's stay in a hotel is usually much shorter than a tenant's stay in a rental. The Residential Tenancies Act, effective Jan. 31, 2007, is the legislation that sets the rights and responsibilities of landlords and tenants who rent residential properties. As more and more hotels offered parking, this distinction become obsolete and motels became simply informal hotels. Note that this does not include the right to discriminate based on race, religion, ethnicity, etc. Where do I turn, if my landlord withholds my money or interferes with my property? The status of a place of public accommodation as an inn or hotel is a question of fact and determined from the circumstances. If youre not exactly kumbayaing with your rooming housemates, you may find yourself without a permanent address after one false move even if the cops who show up agree that your slow cooking smells delicious and that your loved ones are delightful.
When that situation ocurs, suddenly the questions of characterization of the accommodation can be critical. I am doing this not just for any guest, but for the most helpless guest and thats my job.. Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. Privacy Policy, What you need to know about your rights if you are a roommate or boarder. If landlords attempt to prevent access, they are in violation of the act. For easy-to-understand debt solutions on your terms, contact our preferred experts 4Pillars In the former, a guest or guest of a guest is injured by some condition on the premises, often in the parking lot, and the hotels insurance company normally becomes involved. Federal law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, etc.
If a tenant believes there was a mistake in how the Residential Tenancy Act was applied to their case, they may file an Appeal at Division Court. Check the termination date to see if the notice is valid. Who Is Covered by the Residential Tenancies Act, Eviction Prevention in the Community (EPIC) Program, City programs that can provide assistance, Application to Evict a Tenant for Non-Payment of Rent and to Collect Rent the Tenant Owes, Application to End a Tenancy and Evict A Tenant, Rights & Responsibilities for Landlords & Tenants.
In this Act, inn includes a hotel, inn, tavern, public house or other place of refreshment, the keeper of which is by law responsible for the goods of his guests; (auberge) innkeeper means the keeper of any such place. LTB hearings can be lengthy and delayed. S/he also loses any privacy interest associated with the room. Likewise, an inn keeper who keeps unsafe premises such that a guest is a victim of a crime may be liable for the unsafe condition under that same theory of negligence. For more on lock-outs, and how tenants who are illegally locked out can get a judicial order for immediate reentry, please see TRLAs Lockouts Guide. If you are worried enough to vacate before the move-out date in your rental agreement (if one is specified), we encourage you to document the issues in photos and videos and get dates and times of occurrences in writing. There is no necessity to acquire a right of action for ejecting a guest who behaves improperly or disorderly. Under the RTA, the Landlord Tenant Board (LTB) was created to solve disputes between tenants and their landlords. jQuery(function ($) { It is not a trespass for one to enter an inn without a previous actual invitation. It provides rules for increasing the rent, evicting a tenant, maintenance, etc. The RTA covers people living in rental housing. Under some jurisdictions lien rights on baggage and effects kept at a lodging house arise only when a special agreement has been made between the keeper of any lodging house and any person lodging at such house, regarding the price of such lodging. When a property not in the custody of a guest is lost or damaged, an innkeeper is liable only as a bailee for the property of guests. This will void the notice, meaning that a landlord cannot apply for your eviction at the Landlord and Tenant Board. Whats this about the Rental Housing Enforcement Unit? Residential Landlords and Tenants Where can I turn? Present evidence at the hearing as to why a tenant is being evicted. If this is a tenants second N5 Notice to End Tenancy in the past six months, the termination date on page one must be at least 14 days after notice is given. The lien in favor of a boarding-house keeper consists in his/her right to retain possession of the chattels in opposition to the title of the guest until the charge respecting them is paid. In both instances, the tenant may be able to sue the owner in Small Claims Court if they have evidence to prove their case. Dixon v. Robbins, 246 N.Y. 169 (N.Y. 1927). Although some roommate arrangements might be covered by the RTA, others are not, which creates a legal grey area. Later she was informed that she no longer had a room at that hotel. This helps you: If you are a landlord or a tenant, and are considering hiring an Agent, complete the Form below for a Free Consultation. Only Notices from the Landlord and Tenant Board are legal. Whether you are in a landlord-tenant relationship or an innkeeper/guest relationship determines what rights you have regarding your residence. The Eviction Prevention in the Community (EPIC) Program is a program project that provides wrap around eviction prevention services in order to help tenants facing imminent risk of eviction. When a guest is obnoxious for some reason, he may be forcibly removed without resort to legal process, provided no more force is used than necessary.
In the latter, the inn keeper is compelled to take corrective steps to preserve the peace which leads to altercations and later litigation. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. WebOntario tenants have a right to the quiet and peaceful enjoyment of their rented premises.
All rights reserved. Give 120 days notice in the form of an N13 form for their application to the Landlord and Tenant Board in order for the eviction order to be valid. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. It is only at this time when a tenant can receive an eviction order from the Landlord and Tenant Board that they need to move out. A landlord may not remove you without going through the formal eviction process in court, which does not end until you have lost your case and the judge issues a writ of possession, an order that authorizes a peace officer to remove you and your belongings. If the written warning failed to correct the unwanted behaviour within an RTA-mandated time frame for the offence, the landlord would then file a notice for a hearing at the Landlord and Tenant Board, where an adjudicator would hear both sides and have the final say. Under the RTA, landlords are not allowed to enforce evictions, change locks, or otherwise prevent tenants from accessing their units, even while an LTB hearing is underway. Landlord Requirements : A landlord must file an application for eviction at the Landlord and Tenant Board and can do this the day after the termination date stated in the notice (N4). Some but not all rented rooms are covered by the RTA. If accepted, a landlords application for eviction will prompt a hearing where a tenant will have to defend their tenancy. The enforcement of lien rights is not contrary to public policy. Innkeepers shall also be liable for the injury caused by the defective condition of the inn premises. If the landlord is giving notice for reason 2 (landlord requires the rental unit to be vacant in order to do repairs or renovations so extensive that they require to get a building permit and the rental unit must be vacant to do the work), they must offer Right of Return. Common offences include violating the quiet enjoyment of your neighbours or smoking in the unit under a non-smoking lease. The inn keeper has little choice about becoming involved if a guest is behaving in an obnoxious manner such as to alienate other guests or even cause a disturbance between guests. Tenants' rights if care services are provided. $.post("https://www.legalline.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php",{action:"phone_ads_views_tracking",phone_ads_id:id}); Self-help evictions of tenants are illegal in Texas. An eviction is a formal procedure that is managed by the Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario. Clark proposes doubling maximum fines for offences to individuals, corporations not following law. A tenant is not required to take any action upon receiving a notice unless they are able to void the notice (for example, by paying owed rent). UPDATE APRIL 27, 2021. Does a tenant have the right to keep pets?
Under New York law, a guest becomes a tenant after they stay at the hotel/motel for 30 consecutive days (30 Contact a qualified real estate attorney to help you navigate any landlord-tenant issues. If you do not share a kitchen or bathroom with the landlord and you are not on the lease, you may not be protected by the RTA.
If a tenant is unable to pay the rent owed, they may be eligible for. You are unlikely to find a judge who will throw you a bone if you have been throwing things yourself. If you do not receive an Application and a Notice of Hearing, there is a chance your landlord is only threatening you. Do I have any legal recourse as a boarder in a rooming house? The majority of tenants in Ontario are protected by the RTA. Most tenants are covered by the Residential Tenancies Act, which sets out the rights and obligations of residential landlords and tenants. Additionally, an innkeeper can eject a guest engaged in unlawful or objectionable conduct. To charge an innkeeper with the extraordinary liability of an innkeeper for the safety of the property of a guest, the property should be in some manner placed in the custody and control of the innkeeper. More and more low- and middle-income earners are being forced out of Toronto and the GTA, facing longer commutes and displacement from the communities they have long called home. It covers renters of apartments, houses, boarding houses, retirement and care homes, and mobile homes.
Landlords must file an L-form Application with the Landlord and Tenant Board. In a situation like this, they should reach out to a legal clinic for assistance. Co. v. Commodore Hotel Co., 205 Iowa 736 (Iowa 1928). A landlord may not remove you without going through the formal eviction process in court, which does not end until you have lost your case and the judge issues a Example: Photos, emails, take notes for any verbal conversations. Though there are many benefits to this cost-effective option, not all roommate arrangements are created equal. More on that later. . Brams v. Briggs, 272 Mich. 38 (Mich. 1935). Second Reading of Bill 82, An Act respecting accessible public transit./Deuxime lecture du projet de loi 82, Loi concernant des transports en commun accessibles.Doly Begum.
Wait! The Landlord and Tenant Board N-forms are notices to inform tenants of a landlords intention to file an LTB application (L-form). Such a person has a duty to leave peacefully when requested. How can a landlord evaluate potential tenants? Tenants must be given notice in writing 24 hours ahead of time. This is commonly done by written notices in the room. The court added that the means used to remove were not unlawful. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. No Amendments.
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