Investigators then compare previous exposures between the two groups. Epidemiologic studies fall into two categories: experimental and observational. Gil-Montalbn E., Martn-Ros M.D., Ortiz-Marrn H., Zorrilla-Torras B., Martnez-Corts M., Esteban-Vasallo M.D., Lpez-de-Andrs A. Bayesian analysis suggested that CLP patients had the same MI abilities as Furthermore, as commented before, previous studies have reported that overestimation of PA is possible when it is self-reported [34,35]. endstream endobj 3365 0 obj <>stream
Twice as many patients without Lyme disease from the same physicians practice were asked the same questions, and the responses in the two groups were compared. WebThis research project was a descriptive study which measured the differences between generation, learning style, modality of course delivery and learning outcomes of the education sessions for participants in the regional higher education institution's professional development program. This article reviews the essential characteristics, describes strengths and weaknesses, discusses methodological issues, and gives our recommendations on design and statistical analysis for cross-sectional studies in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Consequently, the authors cannot upload the databases to any public repository. Available online: Rojo-Martnez G., Valds S., Soriguer F., Vendrell J., Urrutia I., Prez V., Ortega E., Ocn P., Montanya E., Menndez E., et al. A cross-sectional survey is a type of observational research that analyzes data across a sample population at a specific point in time. The first question used was Which of these possibilities best describes how often you do some PA in your free time?, with four possible answers: 1. Kongstad M.B., Valentiner L.S., Ried-Larsen M., Walker K.C., Juhl C.B., Langberg H. Effectiveness of remote feedback on physical activity in persons with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The recommendation of exercise must be individualized and centered on the patient with diabetes, and a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, which can be optimized by including graduates in physical activity and sports sciences in therapeutic teams.
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2023 Details on the EHISS2014 and EHISS2020 are available online [12,13]. Frequency of medium or high frequency of physical activity (PA) and number of days of PA per week 2 according to gender among people with self-reported diabetes included in the European Health Interviews Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020. The characteristic may be a: Identifying factors associated with disease help health officials appropriately target public health prevention and control activities. On the other hand, a cross-sectional study is a perfectly fine tool for descriptive epidemiology purposes. The variability or dispersion concerns how spread out the values are. WebSuch studies may be purely descriptive or more analytical.
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A similar tendency was observed for the number of days per week of PA, with 68.5% in 2014 and 77.7% in 2020 being engaged in two or more days (p < 0.001). %PDF-1.5 For both genders, a significant increment in the frequency of PA and number of days per week was observed from the EHISS2014 to the EHISS2020 (all p < 0.001). We checked the normality of continuous variables using the KolmogorovSmirnov test and found that our study variables followed a normal distribution, so the Students t-test was used for comparisons. We also found marked gender differences in the practice of PA in subjects with diabetes in favor of males. Descriptive cross-sectional studies simply characterize the The improvement observed in our study population is significant, but it is still insufficient: in 47% of persons with diabetes, the frequency of PA was classified as sedentary or low, and 22.3% dedicated one or no days per week to engage in any PA. Other Spanish studies obtained similar discouraging prevalence of PA in adults with diabetes, in all cases below the recommended levels [10,16,17,25,26]. WebCross-sectional studies The weakest type of observational study is the cross-sectional study In a cross-sectional study, the investigator simply gathers a single sample and cross-classi es them depending on whether they have the risk factor or not and whether they have the disease or not Cross-sectional studies are the easiest to carry out, but are The study researchers do The health-related covariates analyzed were self-rated health over the last year and self-reported presence of physicians diagnosed chronic conditions. To reach the proposed objectives, we have conducted a cross-sectional and a casecontrol study. Cross-sectional studies capture a specific If the amount of exposure among the case group is substantially higher than the amount you would expect based on the control group, then illness is said to be associated with that exposure. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. National Library of Medicine I do sports or physical training several times a week. When investigators find that persons with a particular characteristic are more likely than those without the characteristic to contract a disease, the characteristic is said to be associated with the disease.
In this type of study both the exposure and the outcomes have already occurred. More efforts are needed to promote greater adherence to PA recommendations in the Spanish population with diabetes. <>
Available online: Ministerio de Sanidad European Health Survey in Spain 2020 [Encuesta Europea de Salud en Espaa 2020] [(accessed on 3 January 2023)]; Ministerio de Sanidad Encuesta Europea de Salud en Espaa. This excess of cardiovascular risk has been associated with poorer control of risk factors in females, mainly in the prediabetic phase, associated with a higher percentage of body fat, and together with other sociodemographic variables [38]. WebDescriptive studies that examine individuals can take the form of case reports (a report of a single case of an unusual disease or association), case series (a description of several similar cases) and cross-sectional studies (see Cross-sectional, analytical and intervention studies). Subjects were children enrolled in a health maintenance organization. For study purpose, we excluded those patients who did not complete these questions or answered I dont know. Physical Activity Frequency Among Older Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: Associations with Sociodemographics, Comorbidity, and Medical Advice. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. 2 0 obj
If you conduct analytic research, you can also analyse associations between events and factors using graphs. American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. 37014690, Copyright Sociodemographic covariates included gender, age, educational level, and if the person interviewed lived with a partner or not. (7) The Nurses Health Study and the Nurses Health Study II are cohort studies established in 1976 and 1989, respectively, that have followed over 100,000 nurses each and have provided useful information on oral contraceptives, diet, and lifestyle risk factors. Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. In this third type of observational study, a sample of persons from a population is enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measured simultaneously. Oe;z<00]+F?uE?>w|:SrU.MIUVVr7A&Mf u Absolute numbers with percentages are shown for qualitative variables and means with standard deviations for quantitative variables. I dont exercise. Yang C., Mpofu E., Li X., Dorstyn D., Li Q., Brock K. Physical activity participation among older adults with diabetes: Applying the World Health Organizations International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Guidelines. 
WebCross-sectional research is a type of research often used in psychology. The present The main factors associated with lower adherence to exercise were female gender, being older, lower educational level, worse self-rated health, the presence of comorbidities, obesity, and smoking. Cross-sectional study. In this cross-sectional % The results found, with the entire study population, are very similar to those reported for participants with diabetes with any of the two dependent variables used. The association of diabetes complications with physical activity in a representative sample of older adults in the United States. Trends from 1995 to 2006 in the prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular risk factors among elderly Spanish diabetics. Scientific evidence collects numerous benefits of physical activity (PA) on physical and mental health in people of all ages: it prevents, controls, and helps in the treatment of diseases, improves body composition, favors proper development of young people, and increases the quality and life expectancy of adults [7]. in the United Sates observed a stable trend in PA frequency in adult with diabetes from 1996 to 2005 [28]. For example, a the control arm of a randomised trial may also be used as a cohort study; and the baseline measures of a cohort study may be used as a cross-sectional study. You can also construct charts to compare the current data with previous results. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between chronotype, classroom behaviour and school performance in 140 healthy school-age children attending various levels of education during the 1st cycle during 2021 in Portugal. Using two EHISS conducted in years 2014 and 2020, the objectives of our investigation were to (i) assess the temporal trend in self-reported PA among people with diabetes from 2014 to 2020; (ii) identify gender differences in the frequency of PA among people with diabetes; (iii) compare the frequency of PA between people with diabetes and gender-age-matched non-diabetic subjects; and (iv) determine which sociodemographic and health-related variables were associated with reporting PA in people with diabetes. With this question, we created the variable Frequency of PA and those participants who answered options 1 and 2 were classified as sedentary or with a low frequency, and those who answered options 3 and 4 were classified to have a medium or high frequency of PA. Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Third, the EHISS lacks specific information on diabetes, such as type, complications, duration of the disease, and treatments. Demographic factor such as age, race, or sex; Constitutional factor such as blood group or immune status; Behavior or act such as smoking or having eaten salsa; or. A cross-sectional study looks at data at a single point in time. All age groups under 75 years reported more PA than the elderly.
The results of the multivariable model evidenced that having a higher educational level was associated to more frequency and greater number of days per week of PA. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://www.msssi.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/estadisticas/estMinisterio/SolicitudSNHSdocs/Formulario_Peticion_Datos_SNHS.pdf, https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/jcm12062443/s1, https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/, https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=49075&L=0, https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity, https://www.sanidad.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/pdf/excelencia/cuidadospaliativos-diabetes/DIABETES/Estrategia_en_diabetes_del_SNS_Accesible.pdf, https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176784&menu=metodologia&idp=1254735573175, https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/EncuestaEuropea/Enc_Eur_Salud_en_Esp_2020.htm, https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/EncuestaEuropea/home.htm, https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7599055. In an attempt to respond quickly to a public health concern such as an outbreak, public health departments tend to conduct relatively brief studies. ,
[(accessed on 20 January 2023)]; Zhao G., Ford E.S., Li C., Mokdad A.H.
WebThey are useful for establishing preliminary evidence in planning a future advanced study. Groneberg DA Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis.
WebPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the learning strategies adopted by Saudi university students and explore the differences in the use of learning strategies due to gender and academic achievement. Shown in Figure S1 is the flowchart of participants selection. These tips begin on page 4. Health policies should promote PA at the population level, through campaigns that publicize its benefits, the recommended levels of PA, and that every movement count, especially if it is combined with a reduction in sitting position [39]. The circumstances of the study don't change, and the researchers don't attempt to change The association between obesity and less PA among people with diabetes is especially relevant due to the benefit in glycemic control and the cardiovascular risk profile of weight loss that can be achieved with PA [2,9,29]. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Parks S.E., Housemann R.A., Brownson R.C. On the other Differences in exposure prevalence between the case and control groups allow investigators to conclude that the exposure is associated with the disease. They are usually inexpensive and easy to conduct. Hosmer D.W., Lemeshow S., Sturdivant R.X. is described in detail. Tsilidis K.K., Kasimis J.C., Lopez D.S., Ntzani E.E., Ioannidis J.P. 
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Early and strict intervention of diabetes and its preceding diseases are the key factors to delay the disease appearance and to succeed in its treatment and control [2]. In an observational case-control study, subjects are enrolled according to whether they have the disease or not, then are questioned or tested to determine their prior exposure. WebWhat is the difference between descriptive and analytical survey? Comparison with national prevalence data.
Gmez Huelgas R., Gmez Peralta F., Carrillo Fernndez L., Galve E., Casanueva F.F., Puig Domingo M., Mediavilla Bravo J.J., Orozco Beltrn D., en nombre del Grupo de Trabajo para el Documento de Consenso Hacia un manejo integral del paciente con diabetes y obesidad Muoz J.E., et al. Gender differences were found with significantly more PA among males with diabetes. and N.C.-C.; data curation, N.P.-F.; formal analysis, N.P.-F.; funding, A.L.-d.-A. The proportion of people with diabetes that had a medium or high frequency of PA improved from 48.3% in 2014 to 52.6% in 2020 (p = 0.009). Regarding clinical variables, people with diabetes had better self-rated health in year 2020 when compared to 2014 and a significant reduction was found for self-reported COPD, mental disease, and body mass index. PREDIMERC cohort. The presence of comorbidities such as COPD, heart disease and stroke, mental disorders, and obesity was also associated with less PA in our population with diabetes. Information regarding lifestyles such as alcohol consumption, active smoking, and body mass index (<25, 2529.9, and 30) were also collected, as detailed in Table S1. and transmitted securely. A cross-sectional study was performed using a bespoke questionnaire based on the previous experience of the authors and a literature review of COVID-19 cases and The length of follow-up varies considerably. ; methodology, J.J.Z.-L., T.S.-V. and A.L.-d.-A. Circumstance such as living near a toxic waste site. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 250 MSc students of critical care nursing were selected by convenience sampling from 17 state nursing Diabetes Strategy of the National Health System (Estrategia en Diabetes del Sistema Nacional de Salud) [(accessed on 20 February 2023)]; Instituto Nacional de Estadstica [Encuesta Europea de Salud en Espaa].
These studies allow an estimate of the prevalence of a parameter and may provide information on the aetiology, albeit to a limited extent. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis. Harrington D., Henson J. After matching by age and gender, participants with diabetes showed significantly lower engagement in PA than those without diabetes.
Ares Blanco J., Valds Hernndez S., Botas P., Rodrguez-Rodero S., Morales Snchez P., Daz Naya L., Menndez-Torre E., Delgado E. Diferencias de gnero en la mortalidad de personas con diabetes tipo 2: Estudio Asturias 2018 [Gender differences in the mortality of people with type 2 diabetes: Asturias Study 2018]. Shortly thereafter, the Food and Drug Administration issued an advisory to the public about green onions and risk of hepatitis A. We have analyzed the last European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS,) conducted in Spain in year 2020 (EHISS2020) [12,13], to describe changes and factors associated with PA in people with diabetes. Distribution according to study variables of people with self-reported diabetes included in the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020. Lifestyle modifications, mainly those related to treatments adherence, nutritional guidelines, and physical exercise, provide the greatest benefits to these patients and have proven to be cost-effective [2,6]. ( 2 votes) Show more Hannah 7 years ago The observational study ( 5:50 ) could be measuring taking actual data samples (blood samples for sugar intake). Of 133 items on the restaurants menu, the most striking difference between the case and control groups was in the proportion that ate salsa (94% of case-patients ate, compared with 39% of controls). We aimed to examine incidentally diagnosed cancer among a cohort of cancer patients diagnosed in A cross-sectional study was performed using a bespoke questionnaire based on the previous experience of the authors and a literature review of COVID-19 cases and reported symptoms. [(accessed on 24 November 2022)]. This may be due to differences in sampling methods, study variables, information collection, and control of confounding variables, among others [15,16,17,25,26,27,27,28,29,30,31]. These differences have been previously observed in Spanish and international studies [16,25,26,31].