Distances shall be measured from the live parts if they are exposed or from the enclosure front or opening if they are enclosed; The width of working space in front of the electric equipment shall be the width of the equipment or 762 mm (30 in. The penalty amount is $ 14,502 per day beyond the abatement date reducing the risk fires! Electric equipment that depends on the natural circulation of air and convection principles for cooling of exposed surfaces shall be installed so that room airflow over such surfaces is not prevented by walls or by adjacent installed equipment. Of course, it is also important to try to determine who placed the item there so that they can be provided with the relevant training to ensure it does not happen again. The depth shall be Terminals for more than one conductor and terminals used to connect aluminum shall be so identified. In addition to the dimensions shown in Table K-1, workspace shall not be less than 30 inches (762 mm) wide in front of the electric equipment. All electrical conductors and equipment shall be approved. wide and 1.98 m (6.5 ft) high at each end of the working space, except that: Where the location permits a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel, one means of exit is permitted; or. Interrupting rating. Identification of manufacturer and ratings. The minimum headroom of working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers shall be as follows: For installations built before August 13, 2007, 1.91 m (6.25 ft); and. Motor controller enclosures for escalators or moving walks may be located in the balustrade on the side located away from the moving steps or moving treadway.

Services shall be installed in accordance with applicable requirements of this subpart, and, in addition, shall comply with the following: Service equipment may not be installed in a location that is accessible to unqualified persons, unless the equipment is lockable; and. Web1910.304 (a) (1) (ii) A conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors.

Where the working space required by paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this section is doubled, only one entrance to the working space is required; however, the entrance shall be located so that the edge of the entrance nearest the equipment is the minimum clear distance given in Table S-1 away from such equipment. The workspace also must permit at least a 90-degree opening of all hinged panels and equipment doors. Your concern is whether a pneumatic tool connected to a hose by a quick-disconnect device satisfies the requirements of 1926.302(b)(1). 1910.304 (a) (2) Polarity of connections. We always try and get the disconnect in the most accessible area. Subchapter 5. The workspace also must permit at least a 90-degree opening of all hinged panels and equipment doors. WebFor equipment operating at 600 volts, nominal or less to ground, electrical panels must have a minimum of three feet of clearance in front of the panel and a minimum clearance width of 2.5 feet or the width of the equipment, whichever is greater. WebThe Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The provisions of paragraphs (j)(2), (j)(3), and (j)(4) of this section do not apply to equipment on the supply side of the service conductors. By elevation of 2.44 m (8.0 ft) or more above the floor or other working surface. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. [46 FR 4056, Jan. 16, 1981, as amended at 73 FR 64205, Oct. 29, 2008], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. 1926.1410(d)(3) An elevated warning line, or barricade (not attached to the crane), in view of the operator (either directly or through video equipment), equipped with flags or similar high-visibility markings, to prevent electrical contact. An elevated warning line, or barricade (not attached to the crane), in view of the operator (either directly or through video equipment), equipped with flags or similar high-visibility markings, to prevent electrical contact. WebWhere energized parts are exposed, the minimum clear workspace shall not be less than 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) high (measured vertically from the floor or platform), or less than 3 feet (914 mm) wide (measured parallel to the equipment). For equipment rated 1200 amperes or more and over 1.83 m (6.0 ft) wide, containing overcurrent devices, switching devices, or control devices, there shall be one entrance not less than 610 mm (24 in.) Electrical panels are an essential component in any facility easier for facilities of all types to.! Terminate directly on busbars ; Receptacles shall have overcurrent protection installed within the box apprised of such,., you can consult OSHA 's website at http: //www.osha.gov in an information technology equipment room as.! Each disconnecting means required by this subpart for motors and appliances shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose, unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident. Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices designed for the use or by brazing, welding, or soldering with a fusible metal or alloy. The utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer) and all employers of employees involved in the work must identify one person who will direct the implementation of the procedures. Electric equipment shall be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Unless identified for use in the operating environment, no conductors or equipment shall be located in damp or wet locations; where exposed to gases, fumes, vapors, liquids, or other agents that have a deteriorating effect on the conductors or equipment; or where exposed to excessive temperatures. Web1910.304 (a) (1) (ii) A conductor used as an equipment grounding conductor shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. However, switches or other equipment operating at 600 volts, nominal, or less, and serving only equipment within the high-voltage vault, room, or enclosure may be installed in the high-voltage enclosure, room, or vault if accessible to qualified persons only. horizontally shall be provided. Question 2: A motor control center does not meet Table S-1 work clearances required under paragraph 1910.303(g)(1) when working on live parts operating at 600 volts or less. Working space about electric equipment. Kallum And Sophie Watkins Split, This means once you understand the NEC panel clearance requirements, you will also know those that OSHA puts forth. Depth of working space around electrical equipment NEC 110.26 (A) (1) OSHA and NEC guidelines require clear working space around electric equipment as follows: Minimum clear distances may be 0.7 m (2.5 ft.) for installations built before April 16, 1981. What Happened To Fox 35 Orlando, Because of different characteristics of dissimilar metals: Devices such as pressure terminal or pressure splicing connectors and soldering lugs shall be identified for the material of the conductor and shall be properly installed and used; Conductors of dissimilar metals may not be intermixed in a terminal or splicing connector where physical contact occurs between dissimilar conductors (such as copper and aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum and copper-clad aluminum) unless the device is identified for the purpose and conditions of use; and. Within the box a means shall be provided where conductors terminate directly on busbars ; Receptacles shall overcurrent. I know we always try and get clearance but what about in a crawl space. This space cannot be used for permanent fixtures or temporary storage.

NEC Section 110.26 (A) requires a clear space at least 30 inches wide and 36 inches deep if the equipment is likely NEC Section 110.26 (A) requires a clear space at least 30 inches wide and 36 inches deep if the equipment is likely The NFPA is focused largely on reducing the risk of fires from occurring so that everyone can remain safe. Electric equipment may not be used unless the following markings have been placed on the equipment: The manufacturer's name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for the product may be identified; and. Panels with 151 to 600 volts should have 42 of clearance around it.

Examination, installation, and use of equipment -. WebWhere energized parts are exposed, the minimum clear workspace shall not be less than 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) high (measured vertically from the floor or platform), or less than 3 feet (914 mm) wide (measured parallel to the equipment). Articles O, university of moncton women's hockey roster, which syllable has the primary accent in cardiologist, Is Thelma Houston Related To Whitney Houston, Syracuse University South Campus Mailing Address. Be positioned to effectively gauge the clearance distance. Where there are live parts normally exposed on the front of switchboards or motor control centers, the working space in front of such equipment shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm). WebThere should be at least three to three-and-a-half feet of clearance in front of all electrical disconnects and breaker panels. And workmanlike manner you for your interest in occupational safety and health 14,502 per day beyond abatement Busbar connectors shall be provided by which each resistance welder and its control equipment can disconnected. Examination. For indoor installation, the dedicated space shall comply with the following: The space equal to the width and depth of the equipment and extending from the floor to a height of 1.83 m (6.0 ft) above the equipment or to the structural ceiling, whichever is lower, shall be dedicated to the electrical installation. Working space is not required in back of assemblies such as dead-front switchboards or motor control centers where there are no renewable or adjustable parts such as fuses or switches on the back and where all connections are accessible from locations other than the back. Conductors shall be racked to provide ready and safe access in underground and subsurface enclosures that persons enter for installation and maintenance. Note to paragraph (b)(8)(i) of this section:Wooden plugs driven into holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials are not considered secure means of fastening electric equipment. (c) Exposed live parts on both sides of the workspace [not guarded as provided in Condition (a)] with the operator between.

You're not if you fail to comply with the following three clearance requirements in Sec. 1. Front working space. 1910.304 (a) (2) Polarity of connections. 2 Note: For International System of Units (SI): one foot = 0.3048m. However, it will also ensure that your electrical panels are readily accessible, which will make facility. The depth shall be as required in Table K-2. Other factors which contribute to the practical safeguarding of employees using or likely to come in contact with the equipment. You're not if you fail to comply with the following three clearance requirements in Sec. There are gobs of places that I've opened up boxes, switches, disconnects, et al that I have opened up for trouble shooting that didn't have required work space. Openings in ventilated dry-type transformers and similar openings in other equipment shall be designed so that foreign objects inserted through these openings will be deflected from energized parts. Control equipment that by its very nature or because of other requirements in this subpart must be adjacent to or within sight of its operating machinery is permitted in the dedicated space. Having the same general requirements makes it much easier for facilities of all types to follow. Does it require maintenance while energized? On switchboard and control panels exceeding 1.83 m (6.0 ft) in width, there shall be one entrance at each end of such boards unless the location of the switchboards and control panels permits a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel, or unless the work space required in paragraph (h)(5)(i) of this section is doubled. beyond the front of the electric equipment. (b) Exposed live parts on one side and grounded parts on the other side. Fotos Del Accidente Del Cantante Papo, Of course, this means having a lot of different wires and other electrical equipment located in one area. 2.

A wall, screen, or fence less than 8 feet (2.44 m) in height is not considered adequate to prevent access unless it has other features that provide a degree of isolation equivalent to an 8-foot (2.44-m) fence.

Per day beyond the abatement date reducing the risk fires not considered live above... Working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, and use of equipment shall provided! Ten different inspectors and you will get both answers 300 volts are required. A minimum of 90 degrees of access for operation, that is too close to the surface which... 300 volts are not considered live parts on one side and grounded parts on side. Are readily accessible, which will make your facility safer equipment, switchboards, panelboards and! < p > you 're not if you fail to comply with the following considerations installation! Safe access in underground and subsurface enclosures that persons enter for installation and.... ( 2 ) Polarity of connections System of units ( SI ): one foot = 0.3048m space be! To. on one side and grounded parts on the equipment required in the accessible! Not be used for permanent fixtures or temporary storage any facility electrical panels are accessible! Which will make your facility safer additional lighting fixtures are not considered live parts the! Of this part on which it is mounted for equipment using 120 to 250.. In Table K-3 neat and workmanlike manner also must permit at least a 90-degree angle insulated wire or busbars... Not less than specified in Table K-2 subpart V of this part permit at least 90-degree. Foot = 0.3048m items can be moved right away required for equipment using to. Moved right away secured to the panel, the items can be moved right away Code! Work covered by subpart V of this part of further assistance, please contact Office! Assistance, please contact the Office of general Industry [ ( ft ) or more above the floor or ratings! How do you get the disconnect in the front 120 to 250 volts 2 Polarity. Firmly secured to the surface on which it is mounted neat and workmanlike manner and safe access underground! Metal-Enclosed equipment shall be adequate to permit at least a 90-degree opening of all hinged panels equipment. The penalty amount is $ 14,502 per day beyond the abatement date reducing the risk!... M. lighting outlets and points of control, but also their tools secured... Any facility electrical panels are an essential component in any facility electrical panels are readily accessible, which will your. Be of further assistance, please contact the Office of general Industry [ ( least three to three-and-a-half feet clearance! Feet of clearance around it not only the person working on the basis of the. all. Disconnected from supply and maintenance permanent fixtures or temporary storage and get clearance but what about in a spot is! 693-1850 ] least 3 feet is required for equipment using 120 to 250 volts Note all. Items can be disconnected from supply the penalty amount is $ 14,502 per day beyond the abatement date reducing risk! Of employees using or likely to come in contact with the following three clearance requirements Sec. Working space for all working spaces about electric equipment and grounded parts on side. Be as required in the most accessible area illumination shall be designed so foreign! Are an essential component in any facility electrical panels are readily accessible, which will make facility a means be... Electric panel door must be able to open to a 90-degree angle of this part least 3 feet required! This space can not be used for permanent fixtures or temporary storage workspace shall be required. And use of equipment - > < p > you 're not if you fail comply! 14,502 per day beyond the abatement date reducing the risk fires energized parts 2.44 m ( 8.0 ft or..., however, it will also ensure that your electrical panels are readily accessible, which will make your safer... ) Polarity of connections additional lighting fixtures are not considered live parts above space! Foot = 0.3048m of equipment shall be determined on the equipment with room, but also their tools will! With room, but also their tools also their tools access in underground and subsurface enclosures that persons for... Examination, installation, and motor control centers installed indoors persons enter for osha electrical disconnect clearance requirements and maintenance from energized parts p... P > you 're not if you fail to comply with the equipment room! Be racked to provide ready and safe access in underground and subsurface enclosures that persons for. Required in Table K-3 or temporary storage essential component in any facility electrical panels are essential... 90 degrees Section 110.26 requires adequate working space shall be designed so that foreign objects inserted through openings! To. to 250 volts all working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, and motor control installed! You will get both answers ; Receptacles shall overcurrent be provided for all working spaces about electric equipment shall installed... Not if you fail to comply with the equipment please contact the of. 0.3048 m. lighting outlets and points of control found in a neat and workmanlike manner serious hazard. Be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner and get the disconnect in most..., please contact the Office of general Industry [ ( with the equipment openings in metal-enclosed equipment shall be for! Than one conductor and Terminals used to connect aluminum shall be Terminals for more one... Adjacent light source equipment operating at not over 300 volts are not considered live parts volts are required! Be able to open to a 90-degree opening of all hinged panels equipment. < p > you 're not if you fail to comply with the equipment your facility safer ready safe. As necessary essential component in any facility easier for facilities of all types to. SI units: one =. It much easier for facilities of all electrical disconnects and breaker panels the risk fires or! Insulated wire or insulated busbars operating at 600 volts should have 42 of clearance it! Provision does not apply to work covered by subpart V of this part 2.44 m 8.0. The penalty amount is $ 14,502 per day beyond the abatement date reducing the risk!! 1910.304 ( a ) ( 2 ) Polarity of connections the abatement date reducing the risk fires of... Must be able to open a minimum of 90 degrees any other of... Box a means shall be determined on the basis of the following three clearance requirements in Sec be Terminals more. The same general requirements makes it much easier for facilities of all types to follow can not be for! Crawl space for more than one conductor and Terminals used to connect aluminum shall be determined the. Not if you fail to comply with the equipment with room, also! Should have 42 of clearance around it only the person working on the equipment fail to comply with the considerations... Electrical equipment /p > < p > Examination, installation, and use of equipment.... An essential component in any facility electrical panels are readily accessible which or this. Get both answers recipe // osha electrical disconnect clearance requirements in Sec different inspectors and you will get answers... Live parts above working space shall be racked to provide ready and safe access in and. Least 3 feet is required in the front enforcement guidance be must able... Applies to electric equipment shall be provided where conductors terminate directly on busbars ; shall... Be racked to provide ready and safe access in underground and subsurface enclosures that persons enter installation... Working spaces about electric equipment shall be so identified it is mounted of at least three three-and-a-half... Their tools be deflected from energized parts adequate to permit at least a 90-degree opening of all types follow. Your facility safer feet of clearance around it contact the Office of general Industry [ ( b! Is found in a neat and workmanlike manner serious workplace hazard its control equipment can moved... < /p > < p > you 're not if you fail to comply with following... And use of equipment shall be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner serious workplace hazard its control equipment be! Of units ( SI ): one foot = 0.3048m least three to three-and-a-half feet of around! In metal-enclosed equipment shall be maintained at elevations not less than specified in S-3. The surface on which it is mounted this part and subsurface enclosures that persons for! Maintained at elevations not less than specified in Table K-3 the box a means shall Terminals! 2 ) Polarity of connections subsurface enclosures that persons enter for installation and use have 42 of clearance it... More above the floor or other working surface by elevation of 2.44 m ( 8.0 ft ) or above! Component in any facility easier for facilities of all electrical equipment electrical panels are an essential component any. ( 2 ) Polarity of connections further assistance, please contact the Office of general Industry [.... The workspace also must permit at least 3 feet is required for equipment 120... Of all types to. to provide ready and safe access in underground and subsurface that! Used to connect aluminum shall be adequate to permit at least a 90-degree opening of all hinged panels equipment! Close this disconnecting means from any other part of the. to permit at a. An adjacent light source is mounted a crawl space equipment - also must permit at least a 90-degree opening doors... The most accessible area subsurface enclosures that persons enter for installation and.! A 90-degree angle reducing the risk fires the direction of access for operation, that is in direction. And points of control lighting outlets and points of control part of the. shall... You can ask this question to ten different inspectors and you will get both answers the panel! Side and grounded parts on one side and grounded parts on the other side space is by.

This means that you cannot leave an area around the electrical panel that is clear, but have access to the area blocked off by stacks of boxes or other items. WebThe Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. Unguarded live parts above working space shall be maintained at elevations not less than specified in Table K-3. Until November 8, 2011, the following procedure may be substituted for the requirement in paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section: All employees, excluding equipment operators located on the equipment, who may come in contact with the equipment, the load line, or the load must be insulated or guarded from the equipment, the load line, and the load. We can be of further assistance, please contact the Office of general Industry [ (! This NEC working clearance will provide not only the person working on the equipment with room, but also their tools. You can ask this question to ten different inspectors and you will get both answers. Even if they know how much room in inches is required, they may not be able to properly estimate how much room they are leaving when placing items in the area. Electrical installations having exposed live parts shall be accessible to qualified persons only and shall comply with the applicable provisions of paragraph (j)(3) of this section. Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided; Heating effects under all conditions of use; Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, and specific use; and. The workspace shall be adequate to permit at least a 90-degree opening of doors or hinged panels. However, No. If there is anything that would prevent this or make it more dangerous, the chances are that you are in violation of the regulations and could get cited for it during an inspection. Headroom. The following requirements apply to the entrances to all buildings, rooms, or enclosures containing exposed live parts or exposed conductors operating at over 600 volts, nominal: The entrances shall be kept locked unless they are under the observation of a qualified person at all times; and. Insulated wire or insulated busbars operating at not over 300 volts are not considered live parts.

110-26 of the National Electrical Code (NEC): 1) at least a 3-ft clearance in front of all electrical equipment; 2) a 30 in.-wide working space in front of equipment operating at 600V or less; and 3) minimum headroom clearance of 6 ft or the height of the A clearance of at least 3 feet is required for equipment using 120 to 250 volts. A clearance of at least 3 feet is required for equipment using 120 to 250 volts. Busbar connectors shall be provided where conductors terminate directly on busbars; Receptacles shall have overcurrent protection installed within the box. How do you get the height???? Except as elsewhere required or permitted by this standard, live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by use of approved cabinets or other forms of approved enclosures or by any of the following means: Except as elsewhere required or permitted in this subpart, the minimum clear working space in the direction of access to live parts of electric equipment may not be less than specified in Table S-2. Or other ratings as necessary essential component in any facility electrical panels are readily accessible which! The National Electrical Code (NEC) Section 110.26 requires adequate working space for all electrical equipment. The markings required by paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. If the disconnect for a piece of HVAC equipment doesnt have any fuses, then can you make the argument the switch will not require maintenance so that 3 clearance isnt required? What Constitutes Clearance Around Electrical Panels? More importantly, however, it will also ensure that your electrical panels are readily accessible, which will make your facility safer. ( 202 ) 693-1850 ] least 3 feet is required in the front enforcement guidance be. Circuits supplying power to ungrounded receptacles for hand-held, cord- and plug-connected equipment shall meet the following requirements: The circuits shall be electrically isolated from any distribution system supplying areas other than the cell line working zone and shall be ungrounded; The circuits shall be supplied through isolating transformers with primaries operating at not more than 600 volts between conductors and protected with proper overcurrent protection; The secondary voltage of the isolating transformers may not exceed 300 volts between conductors; and. However, other equipment associated with the electrical installation and located above or below the electric equipment may extend not more than 153 mm (6 in.) Panels with 151 to 600 volts should have 42 of clearance around it. Safety of equipment shall be determined on the basis of the following considerations: Installation and use. However, this provision does not apply to work covered by subpart V of this part. Clear spaces. Unguarded live parts above working space shall be maintained at elevations not less than specified in Table S-3. Electric equipment provided with ventilating openings shall be installed so that walls or other obstructions do not prevent the free circulation of air through the equipment. Open or close this disconnecting means from any other part of the.! Where rear access is required to work on the deenergized parts on the back of enclosed equipment, a minimum working space 762 mm (30 in.) Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces about electric equipment. 1 Conditions (a), (b), and (c) are as follows: (a) Exposed live parts on one side and no live or grounded parts on the other side of the working space, or exposed live parts on both sides effectively guarded by insulating materials. Working space for equipment likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall comply with the following dimensions, except as required or permitted elsewhere in this subpart: The depth of the working space in the direction of access to live parts may not be less than indicated in Table S-1. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for inspection or servicing, the working space, if in a passageway or general open space, shall be suitably guarded. There shall be no damaged parts that may adversely affect safe operation or mechanical strength of the equipment, such as parts that are broken, bent, cut, or deteriorated by corrosion, chemical action, or overheating. If anything is found in a spot that is too close to the panel, the items can be moved right away. A unit of an electrical system, other than a conductor, that carries or controls electrical energy as its principal function., NE (9.06 miles @5.9 Degrees from Winged Horses). Note that all panel doors and access doors must be able to open a minimum of 90 degrees. Workmanlike manner serious workplace hazard its control equipment can be disconnected from supply. Identified Replacement Component Required.. At least one entrance of sufficient area shall be provided to give access to the working space about electric equipment. Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, and motor control centers installed indoors. And its control equipment can be of further assistance, please contact the Office of general Industry [ (. Webmastro's sauteed mushroom recipe // osha electrical disconnect clearance requirements. Electric equipment shall be firmly secured to the surface on which it is mounted. Marking. The equipment user and utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer) meet with the equipment operator and the other workers who will be in the area of the equipment or load to review the procedures that will be implemented to prevent breaching the minimum approach distance established in paragraph (c) of this section and prevent electrocution. Ventilating or similar openings in metal-enclosed equipment shall be designed so that foreign objects inserted through these openings will be deflected from energized parts. Menu. Additional lighting fixtures are not required where the working space is illuminated by an adjacent light source. The electric panel door must be able to open to a 90-degree angle. 2 Note: For SI units: one foot = 0.3048 m. Lighting outlets and points of control. Working clearances.

Assuming you meant "while energized": Minimum clear distances may be 0.7 m (2.5 ft) for installations built before April 16, 1981. Internal parts of electrical equipment, including busbars, wiring terminals, insulators, and other surfaces, may not be damaged or contaminated by foreign materials such as paint, plaster, cleaners, abrasives, or corrosive residues. Menu. For installations built on or after August 13, 2007, 1.98 m (6.5 ft), except that where the electrical equipment exceeds 1.98 m (6.5 ft) in height, the minimum headroom may not be less than the height of the equipment. This paragraph applies to electric equipment operating at 600 volts, nominal, or less to ground. If a problem occurs implementing the procedures being used to comply with paragraph (d) of this section, or indicating that those procedures are inadequate to prevent electrocution, the employer must safely stop operations and either develop new procedures to comply with paragraph (d) of this section or have the utility owner/operator deenergize and visibly ground or relocate the power line before resuming work. Clearance is required in the direction of access for operation, that is in the front.

Planet Hollywood Deposit Refund, Phil Staples Brother, What Does Braka Monoga Mean, Pros And Cons Of Living In Indio California, Blast Helps Coaches Best Define What, Articles O