All the prisoners in both provinces were released by the end of March. Failure of Muslim League in 1937 Election. and Bihar where several revolutionaries convicted of crimes involving violence remained in jails. In the 3rd June Plan, the viceroy announced that India would be divided into two states, i.e. Thus a prior bitter experience would have compelled Muslims to revisit their decision to vote for Congress. L3: G-J talks, Q: How successful was the Simla Conference of 1945? Muslims who migrated werent in good economic condition and were promised fertile land in Afghanistan. What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? Anti Muslim Nehru report suggested that Hindu should be made the official Language. The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. reply! Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above? 8210076034/ 9717510106/9718593510, Copyright 2020 selfstudyhistory.com All Rights Reserved Powered by, The Election of 1937 and the formation of Congress ministries: Part II, Faced with financial stringency, these governments had very little choice but to, 1938-39 a militant movement under the leadership of the Kisan Sabha, Topic Wise Study Material for History Optional, Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch IV], Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch III], Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch II], 67th BPSC GS and History OptionalTest Series, Test Series- 2021 [Batch VI] [In English and Hindi], Test Series- 2021 [Batch IV] [English and Hindi], Test Series- 2020 [Batch V] [In English and Hindi], Test Series- 2020 [Batch IV]: (In English and Hindi), 66th BPSC General Studies And History OptionalTest Series, Previous Years Solved Papers of History Optional, History Optional Previous Years Question Papers with Solution [UPSC], Ancient India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], Medieval India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], Modern India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], World History: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], History Optional Previous Years Solved Questions [BPSC and UPPSC], Daily and Weekly Problem Practise (History Optional), Strategy for Essay and Essay Improvement Program, Topic Wise Materials of General Studies for IAS, UPSC Strategies, Answer Sheets and Previous Years Papers, UPSC Strategies, Interviews and Answer Sheets of Toppers, Cholas: administration, village economy and society: Part I, Solution: Weekly Problem Practice For History Optional- 2021 [Modern India: Week 4], Point wise discussion on Essay#21: Can globalization lead to development of a state and welfare of its citizens, THE ELECTION OF 1937 AND THE FORMATION OF CONGRESS MINISTRIES khalidriazblog, WBCS Exam Syllabus 2021 - (Prelim & Main) - Important Topics, History Optional Comprehensive Study Materials cum Online Test Series- 2021, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice with Solution of History Optional for 2021 Main Examination, Complete Map material along with Previous Years Solved Questions and Practice Set for History Optional, Previous Years Questions with Solution of History Optional, Click here for Our Results in CSE- 2019, Toppers' Interview and Toppers' Answer Sheets, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice for 2022 Main Exam [History Optional], History Optional complete online course cum Test Series - 2022, The language ofnarrownationalismheldatFrankfurtdestroyedtheGerman Revolution;asthe fatalideaofaggrandizementoftheHouse ofSavoy destroyedthe Italian Revolution. Discuss. Jinnahs efforts therefore bore fruit and this plan made the creation of Pakistan official. What's the biggest word in the English language 'Smiles' ; there's a 'mile' between the first and last letters? Dalit Movements for empowerment in independent India have essentially been for carving out political space through electoral politics. Discuss. While this position had a good basis it proved to be a mistake. Pro-British sympathized because attack on British was indirect attack on India since British Empire part, Others thought that they would get concessions if they fight for British, Some Anti British thought British wouldnt give concessions easily, pressurized British for self-rule through activities e.g. Except for U.P. Q.STARTING WITH THE EARLIEST, ARRANGE THESE FILMS DIRECTED BY Moreover, the mass of Congressmen were vigilant on this question.
The Muslims supported the British but did not wish to fight against their Muslim Brothers. They had an image problem they were seen as aristocrates and princes while in realoty theu were poor an illetrate 1.) On the contrary, Indian National Congress was a comparatively much popular and organized party.
In later years, especially during the Quit India Movement, the fear that the Congress might again assume power in the future, a prospect made real by the fact that Congress Ministries had already been in power once, helped to neutralize many otherwise hostile elements, such as landlords and even bureaucrats, and ensured that many of them at least sat on the fence. Image of the party was restored when leadership shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people. 
Sultan of Turkey dethroned, immense figure in Muslim world. Muslim League selected candidates who were not from general people while Congress put forward such candidates having roots in public. In spite of this poor showing the Congress persisted in its claim that the party was representative of all communities. Nor was the national movement diverted from its main task of fighting for self government because of being engaged in day-to-day administration. Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve?
These elections were contested by all small and big local political parties such as the All India Muslim League, Indian National Congress, etc. Explain your answer. What is the Written authorization form policyholder for their insurance company to pay benefits directly to the care provider? Q Was the Khilafat Movement the most important event between 1920 and 1929 that affected Hindu Muslim Relations? The Muslim League promised its support to the British, with Jinnah calling on Muslims to help the Raj by honourable co-operation at the critical and difficult juncture, while asking the Viceroy for increased protection for Muslims. This would make it difficult to organize the next wave of extra-legal mass movement against colonial rule. hat will be the syllabus of The Descriptive paper of
Explain your answer. To unite all the Indian people in their struggle against colonialism, the main enemy of the time, it was necessary to make such an adjustment.
The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of Indians were eligible to participate. 10/marks. Who is the actress in the otezla commercial? Jinnah said no, since this would mean financially weak Pakistan, (last point of unsuccessful) pleased Jinnah since this should that Indians had realized that, Gandhi said that Jinnah and Congress should work for general Independence first, Jinnah handled these intelligently, didnt compromise Muslim Rights. In 1946 Jinnah feared the British might leave India without partition thus called for a large peaceful demonstration of Muslim feelings. Trade union membership increased by 50 per cent particularly in the Congress ruled provinces during this time, leading to a, The Congress ministries had to adopt a number of resolutions implementing the, They now closed ranks and this alarmed the Congress high command. The morale of the ICS (Indian Civil Service), one of the pillars of the British Empire, suffered a shattering blow. 
This was partially because these two sections had not yet been mobilized by the kisan sabhas, nor had they become voters because of the restricted franchise under the Act of 1935. Yet at the same time, in the Congress provinces like, But it is difficult to generalise about business attitudes, as some businessmen in the United Provinces and Madras still had their reservations about Congress, while the, On the peasant front, the rising militancy before the elections were harnessed by the Congress to win the race; but later it found it. The election campaign was launched with the slogan of an independent Muslim state, even the areas were identified to be merged into the future Pakistan. Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? No court or public authority was to recognize any custom or usage which imposed any civil disability on Harijans. Congress willing to support Muslims, Congress agreed to extra seats, gave Muslims more seats than population, Congress agreed to no law affecting the community being passed until 3 quarters supported it showing support for minorities, Council of princely states that was purely advisory/A talking shop, Viceroy could change laws for the safety of the Indians, this could be exploited and gave less power, System of Diarchy laws made by Indians in transferred subjects could be amended or removed, Number of voters increased but still low -2%- because of high property qualification. Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were pleased with the resignations. One of the great achievements of the Congress Governments was their. Further, nearly all the Congress-run states (that is, U.P., Bihar, Bombay, Madras and Assam) had. [27], On 3 September 1939, Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow declared India to be at war with Germany alongside Britain. The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims.
Contribute them to our website to help a large world-wide student base. Congress was aware that British were going to leave India, exploited British post WW2 weakness. WebThe first elections took place in 1937. The Congress domination over the government made the prospects of federal Muslim politicians appear dismal. Peasant agitations usually took the form of massive demonstrations and spectacular peasant marches. Efforts were made to increase the number of Harijans in police and other government services. Muslim League had passed the Lahore Resolution and started working for separate homeland, Muslims voted as they wanted to avoid Hindu domination. Furthermore, with its secular slogans, it could easily influence people irrespective of their religion. 6 The argument regarding long term Muslim alienation from the Congress overemphasizes the problem. (A) VEER-ZAARA (B) CHANDNI (C) DIL TO PAGAL HA (D) SILSILA. The objectives of the league were: To create among Muslims the feelings of loyalty towards the British Government. I wish the Musalmans all over India to observe Friday 22 December as the "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a mark of relief that the Congress regime has at last ceased to function.
Explain your answer. Congress Rule was tyrannical and League promised rights, so Muslims voted for the League. [8] The League's top performance was in provinces where Muslims were minorities; there it cast itself as a protector of the community. Explain your answer.
[5] Through the elections the Congress sought to convert its popular movement into a political organisation. Lord Irwin replaced with Lord Willington who was less willing to make reforms, less Indian thus wanted to come. Right wingers like Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhulabhai Desai, C. Rajagopalacbari or Rajendra Prasad preferred constitutional politics to radical agitation, and also by the committed Gandhians who believed in constructive programme. All emergency powers acquired by the provincial governments during 1932, through. WebIn 1937, the Muslim League was not able to form the government in any province in the provincial elections held that year as per the Government of India Act. These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. Therefore, by the, The most authentic manifestation of this shift was in its labour policy, which resulted in the passage of the notorious. They took recourse to Section 144 of the Criminal Code against agitating workers and arrested peasant and trade union leaders. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The muslims didnot realize that the hindus would dominate them. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? WebAfter provincial elections in 1937, the congress refused to form coalition administrations with the Muslim League in mixed areas. The league's reputation as a Political party of upper-class Muslims was one of the factors contributing to its dismal performance in the elections. Congress restarted Non Co-operation movement and leaders Gandhi and Nehru arrested. [7], The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. In the 1937 elections the Muslim League won 4.6 percent of the total Muslim vote. Many Muslims celebrated, and made it clear that Pakistan formation demand was democratic and could not be ignored. ThusBritish realized that they were separate communities. Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the league in 1913. 4.There was mismangement among the party, as they lacked strong insight of a leader causing them to drift aimlessly. Khalsa National Board and Hindu Election Board also gave their support to Unionist Party. 
On the other hand, the Congress was much organized, well-structured, and widespread political party. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, the United Provinces, the Bombay Presidency, Assam, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal, Punjab and Sind. The agrarian legislation of the Congress Ministries thus improved and secured the status of millions of tenants in zamindari areas. While many Congressmen agitated within the perspective of accepting the Congress Ministries as their own and their role as one of strengthening them and the Congress through popular agitations and refrained from creating situations in which punitive action by the Government would become necessary, many others were out to expose the breaches of faith and promises by these Ministries and show up the true character of the Congress as the political organ of the upper classes. 3 no efforts were made
WebHowever both Muslim League and Congress enthusiastically participated in the first elections held under the Act in 1937. >Direct Action day started. The League won 29 seats in the United Provinces where it had competed for 35 out of the 66 seats for Muslims. The common Muslims saw the league leaders as aristocrats landlords, businessmen, religious leaders. Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. I am a social activist and educationist. 1. Success of this made Muslims realize their political strengths. Ministries introduced basic education with an emphasis on manual and productive work. Firstly the Muslims were in minority.Secondly, the Muslims were disunited with no management.Thirdly, the Muslims were not experienced in elections so they needed to improve their planning.Fourthly, the Muslims did not yet feel threatened by Hindu domination. And the opportunists started leaving. But, in general, they were. To safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to convey the same to the government. Impact offormation ofCongressMinistries: Work of congress as Provincial government: Some problems before Congress Government: Achievements of the Congress ministries during two years frustrated all groups who voted for Congress (Industrial working class, peasants, Dalits): Period of the Congress Ministries witnessed the emergence of serious weaknesses in the Congress: Enter your email address to follow selfstudyhistory.com and receive notifications of new posts by email. 
[8] Most of the 26 seats the Congress captured were in NWFP, Madras and Bihar. Webhad been set up, in which the Indian people gained increased representation. British had previously promised good treatment of Turkey Empire. They alleged the ignorance of Muslims for the failure of the league in the elections. [8] The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. The Congress Ministers set an example in plain living. Explain your answer. Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Student and youth movements revived and burgeoned. Hunters committee to set up to investigate his actions. But the elections demonstrated that of the 482 Muslim seats the Congress had contested just 58 of them and won only 26 of those. striving to improve the conditions of the workers and secure wage increases. Q: Which of the following was the most important in the formation of Pakistan? It lacked membership and official setup at lower levels in major cities, towns, and villages. Muslims of the Indian subcontinent did not have a prior bitter experience of Congress as a ruling party. Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. The majority of Muslims were poor who could not see a match with the leaders of the league in terms of socio-economic status. were passes in many provinces. Thus gap between the two communities increased, showed they did not get together. Within these constraints, the agrarian policy of the Congress Ministries went a long way towards promoting the interests of the peasantry. Jinnah, member of Congress and League was a believer in their unity and convinced them to hold sessions together for Indians sake. Thus paved way for Pakistan. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. Web1937 to October 1939. Thus more Muslims knew of the league. Despite Provincial Autonomy, British province Governor could intervene For safety >Still many Indians could not vote, Q: Were Jinnahs 14 points the most important factor/event between 1928 and 1935 that strengthened Pakistan Movement? Thus voted for congress because senior and experienced party and same aim. WebThe Unionists had successfully cultivated the support of Pirs to achieve success in the 1937 elections, and the Muslim League now attempted to replicate their method of doing so. He said, I would go to the length of giving the whole Congress organization a decent burial, rather than put up with the corruption that is rampant.. Congress being an organized and widespread political party managed to run an effective campaign and secured votes in its favor both from Hindus and Muslims. [6], The party's election platform had downplayed communalism and Nehru continued this attitude with the initiation of the March 1937 Muslim mass contact program. Germany and Austria had been punished through several treaties, worries about Turkey being treated in a similar manner. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. The problem was finally resolved through negotiations. and Bihar and to a certain extent in Madras, but not in Bombay. and migrations of 1947.2 In the 1937 provincial elections, the league had won only two of the eighty-five Muslim seats; in the 1946 elections, so crucial to the credibility of Mohammad Ali Jinnah's demand for Pakis-tan, the league swept to victory with all but ten of the Muslim seats. The major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. Activity outside the legislature was to remain and legislative activity was to be coordinated together. the Congress and the Muslim League. The Madras Government, too, used the police to shadow radical Congressmen. This new anti-labour mood was visible in other provinces too, where. But his angle of vision was very different from that of the Communists.
[3][4] I am pretty sure that it is the early 20th century. WebThe major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. The league was not an organized party at the time of the elections. WebAll of the organizational work between 1937 and 1946 led to a tremendous League victory in the 1946 general elections, when it won one-third of the seats in the Punjab, 115 of 250 in Bengal, and almost all of the Muslim seats it contested in other parts of India. The time constraint became even more apparent as war clouds gathered in Europe from 1938 onwards. Leaders, Ali Brothers arrested on Sedition charges. The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. On 22 October 1939, all Congress ministries were called upon to tender their resignations. Why Jinnah changed his stance from Hindu Muslim unity to Two Nation Theory. Congress won absolute majorities in five provinces and was the largest single party in four others. While the tenancy bills were strongly opposed by the landlords, the debtors relief bills were opposed not only by the moneylenders but also by lawyers, otherwise supporters of the Congress, because they derived a large part of their income from debt litigation. Congress demand of immediate independence alarmed League, since no Pakistan if British were not there to conduct partition before leaving. Indiscipline among Congressmen was on the increase everywhere. A multi-class movement could develop only by balancing or adjusting various, mutually clashing class interests.