Although slavery clearly touched the lives of many white Arkansans, most slave-owners possessed only a few. The Association provided food, clothing, and medical care to the freed slaves. The Socioeconomic Role of Slavery in the Arkansas Upcountry. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 58 (Spring 1999): 4560. The Big House was also a venue for many high-profile ceremonies and events. Every day, plantation cooks prepared large meals for the enslaved families living in the big house and the families who lived in the small house. Using plantation names to locate ancestors can be difficult. 
These plantations offer a variety of activities for visitors to enjoy, such as tours of the grounds, gardens, and homes. showed a significant increase. In 1863, the Union Army established the Arkansas Freedmens Relief Association to help freed slaves. Arkansas Slaveholdings and Slaveholders in 1850. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 12 (Spring 1953): 3873.
Notable plantations in Arkansas include the Plantation Agriculture Museum, Arkansas Post, and the Arkansas Repertory Theatre. .
These plantations offer a variety of activities for visitors to enjoy, such as tours of the grounds, gardens, and homes. Should I Form A Corporation For My Lawn Mowing Company? Secondary and primary sources to help you with your research paper. Lankford, George E., ed. Using plantation names to locate ancestors Thank you! WebBoone Hall Plantation - 1235 Long Point Road, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA. The Little Rock Nine were eventually able to enter the school, and they graduated in 1960. . Much is known about slavery from the perspective of whites, but less is known about the enslaved themselves, especially from their point of view. In Arkansas in 1860 there were 69 farms of This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. In Arkansas, non-native plant species make up about twenty-three percent of the Arkansas flora. 
Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000.
Slavery was used to fuel the plantation economy. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. Most plantation owners were actively involved in the business operations. Rate and review titles you borrow and share your opinions on them. An Arkansas Fugitive Slave Incident and Its International Repercussions. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 16 (Summer 1957): 139149.
Provides electronic access to Harper's Weekly, the illustrated 19th century "Journal of Civilization".
Old South Frontier : Cotton Plantations and the Formation of Arkansas Society $62.28. There were slavery in every county and in both rural and urban settings during antebellum Arkansas. . Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the Online at https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/5618/ (accessed November 22, 2022). The best hidden gems and little known destinations - straight to your inbox. WebFlorence Plantation L Land's End Plantation (Scott, Arkansas) M Morrison Plantation Smokehouse S Sunnyside Plantation Categories: Buildings and structures in Arkansas by type Plantations in the United States by state Houses in Arkansas Agriculture in Arkansas Hidden categories: Commons category link is on Wikidata Navigation menu Not logged addressed in this transcription. Plantation Records (Louisiana State University Department of Archives) Records of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi plantations from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. In the restored museum, visitors learn about the regions transition from slavery to tenant farming. 
The LAnguille connects Marianna, the county seat and largest city, to the rest of the county. & GOODMAN, S., 138 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 1B (out of sequence), DUNN?, William T.?, 77 slaves, Old River Twp., page 21B, FLETCHER, Thomas, 81 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 4B, FOSTER, Robert C., 73 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 16, GARRATT, Samuel G., 70 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 8, GOODLOW, John Calvin?, 67 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 2 (out of sequence), GORCE?, James L., 57 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10B, HORTON, Edward C., 228 slaves, Cilimont? Despite the power of the enslaver, however, slaves proved to be very resourceful at controlling their working conditions within limits. In 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed John Gibbs registrar of the Little Rock district land office. Economics of Slavery made a significant contribution. Donations made to the CALS Foundation are tax-deductible for United States federal income tax purposes. First, Arkansas had a smaller slave population than other slave states. .
In some cases, the supplements came from plantation gardens. Dr. Samuel Kountz conducted the first kidney transplant between a recipient and a donor who did not have identical twins. They often could secure concessions from masters or overseers by sabotaging crops or outright defiance against their demands. WebLists of Slave owners with names of slaves 781-----Edward, 660 Michael, 735 Adam, Andrew George, 425, 498, 533, 621 Guy, 498 Jack, 729 Lucy, 729 Peter, 533
As a result of the Atlantic slave trade, the United States gained significant economic advantages. The island's first steam-powered sugar factory. In Arkansas in 1860 there were 69 farms of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated Smith, Ted J. Craig, Robert D. Civil War Breaks the Shackles of Slavery. Stream of History 53 (2020): 2440. Zorn, Roman J. The existence of slavery ultimately helped to determine the political course of the territory and state until the end of the Civil War and slaverys abolition in 1865 with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Gigantino, James J. III. It is entirely reasonable to assume they had plenty of time for leisurely activities such as hunting, but they also worked hard at it. To prevent slavery from repeating itself, it is critical to keep a record of the Atlantic slave trade and to learn about slaverys history. SOURCES. The Law colony failed within two years, but a small number of inhabitants, including some who probably were enslaved, remained in the area for the rest of the French and Spanish territorial periods. Whatever job the enslaved performed, the owner usually attempted to extract as much labor from them as possible.
5 Arkansas Plantation Homes & Tours- History and Beauty Arkansas Plantation Homes and Tours. Early plantations, as well as most of the agricultural land, were among the most common places where slaves lived. Florence Beatrice Price, a black female composer, was the first African-American woman to have a symphonic composition performed by a major American orchestra. Nothing was said about the injustice to black women in that fact that they were forced into having sex. When Is The Best Time To Start Mowing Your Lawn In Sioux Falls South Dakota? Each event is meticulously planned thanks to the Slave Dwelling Project. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census. Read our Privacy Policy. Visitors can also learn about the history of these plantations and the families who once lived there. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription.
To check a master surname list for other States and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. In the secession crisis during the winter of 18601861, following the election of President Abraham Lincoln and the secession of South Carolina, Arkansas leaders such as Congressman Thomas Hindman and Governor Henry Rector pushed for the state to leave, too. Includes records from the American Colonization Society, from Oberlin's Anti-Slavery collection, from the American Missionary Society (Tulane), and records from the Library of Congress, the National Archives, Yale, Oxford, the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, and other archives. These mansions, estates and plantations scattered around Arkansas are all well-preserved pieces of late 19th century history. When a tribute gift is given the honoree will receive a letter acknowledging your generosity and a bookplate will be placed in a book. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. According to historian Orville Taylor, approximately one in four white Arkansans owned slaves or lived in slave-owning families. In the 1940s, Arkansas plantations were large cotton-producing operations that relied heavily on the labor of African Americans. Pre-European Exploration, Prehistory through 1540, European Exploration and Settlement, 1541 through 1802, Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood, 1803 through 1860, Civil War through Reconstruction, 1861 through 1874, Post-Reconstruction through the Gilded Age, 1875 through 1900, Early Twentieth Century, 1901 through 1940, World War II through the Faubus Era, 1941 through 1967, Divergent Prosperity and the Arc of Reform, 19682022, http://www.nps.gov/subjects/ugrr/discover_history/upload/Fugitives-from-Injustice-Freedom-Seeking-Slaves-in-Arkansas.pdf, https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1729&context=lawreview, Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood (1803 - 1860), Life in the Arkansas Territory (Grades 5-8), ARKANSAS SLAVE CENSUS COMPARED TO TOTAL POPULATION: 1840, 1850, 1860 (BY COUNTY). not been considered, on the presumption that the changes would have affected the comparison groups equally. Honor or memorial gifts are an everlasting way to pay tribute to someone who has touched your life. Slavery made possible the rapid expansion of the cotton frontier within Arkansas, and slave labor contributed greatly to the states material wealth, adding at least $16 million to the economy each year and making Arkansas the sixth largest cotton producer in the United States by 1860.
Plantation owners generally had little regard for the welfare of their workers, and many plantation workers were mistreated. Have you been to any of the lavish homes in Arkansas? In 1957, nine African-American students attempted to integrate Little Rock Central High School. After that, they would bring the slaves to the plantation. After experiencing the grandeur of Marlsgate, take a tour of the Scott Plantation Settlement for a unique chance to experience the other side of plantation life. The collection includes financial and agricultural records for a Dallas County Plantation beginning in the 1830s, as well as a personal diary created by the plantation owner covering the years 1839-1840. McNeilly, Donald P. The Old South Frontier: Cotton Plantations and the Formation of Arkansas Society, 18191861. Despite the difficult conditions, many African Americans continued to work on plantations because they had few other options for employment. Van Deburg, William L. The Slave Drivers of Arkansas: A New View from the Narratives. Arkansas Historical Quarterly 35 (Autumn 1976): 231245. In 1833, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature passed a law prohibiting the importation of slaves into Arkansas. The Plantation Agriculture Museum is focused on the work associated with growing cotton as well as making gin. Some planters allowed slaves to tend small patches of their own. Finally, Arkansas had a higher number of slave rebellions and uprisings than any other slave state. This large commercial project sought to film plantation-related materials: diaries, letters, farm books, bills of sale, ledgers, and other records from various archives throughout the country. Impudence, disobedience, and a refusal to workall behaviors that led to whippings by Arkansas plantersdemonstrated the efforts by those enslaved to establish some degree of personal independence within the system of slavery.
The removal of thousands of white men from the countryside weakened the hold of masters on those in slavery. Slaves were Slavery became more common in Arkansas after it was admitted to the United States in 1836. Many more probably benefited from slavery, however, as leasing the enslaved was not an uncommon practice. For additional information: Battershell, Gary. When General William J. Johnson took over as the first African American general in Arkansas National Guard history, there was no other African American general in the state. names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but
The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Arkansas County, Arkansas, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. There is a beautiful plantation in the area that has been beautifully restored. .
Slaves were exported from Africa to the Atlantic during the early 1500s and into the late 1800s. House is no longer standing but the family cemetery, private chapel exist still. A relatively large slave holding would have been ten people, a work force valued at about $9,000 on the average in 1859, an amount equal to approximately $200,000 in 2002. WebOld South Frontier: Cotton Plantations and Formation of Arkansas Society HB W2B. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2014. Arkansas became a slave state after the creation of the Arkansas Territory in 1836. 
. At least two prominent Confederate generals owned plantations in the future Lee County: Daniel Chevilette Govan and Gideon Pillow. Today the mansion can be toured and multiple exhibits can be viewed that showcase the early Arkansan lifestyle and celebrate the state's achievements. Twp., page 31, JONES, John H.?, 95 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 6, JOURDAN, Dr. John M., 298 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 13, MASON, A. P., 85 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 10B, MITCHELL, Samuel widow, 74 slaves, Maurice Twp., page 18, PROSSER?, John, 64 slaves, Douglas Twp., page 11B, SHANKS, Dr.
Arkansas is also a leading producer of poultry and livestock. Some of the more notable plantations are: The Plantation House, The Columns, and The Grand Manor. PLANTATION NAMES. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. As in the case of religion, the enslaved molded their music into a form that voiced their feelings about their enslavement. Monte Ne, Arkansas: This area can be found in the Ozark hills of the White River valley, located east of Rogers on the edge of Beaver Lake. Aside from being used as a home for the family and their staff, the Big House also housed the plantations store, slave quarters, blacksmith shop, and other necessary buildings. To learn more about Arkansas history, go to the Arkansas History Commission website and look up African American newspapers. Gardens and pools were also present in some of these houses. The amendment, which demonstrated the growing support for abolition in the United States, set the stage for future amendments that would eventually abolish slavery. Lakeport Plantation - Lake Village. Orville W. Taylor has shown that average prices in Arkansas rose from $105 in the 1820s to nearly $900 by 1860, taking into account children as well as adults. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. The Code Noir, or Black Code, of French Louisiana and additional legislation during Arkansass territorial and statehood periods established the basic legal definition of slavery and helped determine the world in which the individual slave lived. 
Slavery in Washington County, Arkansas, 18281860. MA thesis, University of Arkansas, 1995. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the number of slaves they held in The state of Arkansas remained a slave state until 1865, when it was readmitted to the Union. Linking Piggott, Arkansas 72653 is the location of a number of Arkansas plantations, including Milledgeville. P. Allen Smiths Garden home and farm is a great place to take in a more contemporary Arkansas estate lifestyle. Elisha Worthington of Chicot County was the states largest slave owner, holding more than 500 people on the eve of the Civil War. Also known as the William Cannon Houston House. Colored troops were active during the Civil War. The Elms Plantation - Altheimer. If an African American ancestor with one of Online at https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1729&context=lawreview (accessed April 20, 2021). This resulted in many slaves suffering from malnutrition and disease.
The conditions for slaves, who worked for a living planting, holing, weeding, digging irrigation, and harvesting cane, were harsh. Slavery in Arkansas (Part I). Arkansas Historical Quarterly 3 (Spring 1944): 6690. Faye Clarke was the driving force behind the Alabama-Mississippi Education Improvement Project. Every building was maintained by carpenters, who repaired wagons, carts, and plows. Enslaved people lived in every county and in both rural and urban settings in antebellum Arkansas.
It was built around 1859 by Lycurgus Johnson with the profits of slave labor. Mansions, estates, and plantations dating from the late nineteenth century are all well-preserved examples of late nineteenth-century architecture. Today it is a premiere hunting lodge and is now part of the largest woman-owned and operated commercial duck hunting business in the south.
They would cultivate crops and work in the plantations factories.
The 1860 census counted 69 farms with 1,000 acres or more, which was the largest number of farms of this size. Also known as the Elliston-Farrell House. 
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This transcription includes 25 slaveholders who held 50 or more slaves in By the eighteenth century, slavery had assumed racial tones as white colonists had come to consider only Africans who had been brought to the Americas as peoples who could be enslaved. Tending livestock, working as skilled craftsmen, or performing housework were typical of the jobs performed by those not in the fields. 
In 1680, the Southern slave population made up less than 10% of the total population, but by 1790 it had increased to more than a third. As a percentage of the population, slave populations ranged from less than one percent (in Newton County) to over eighty percent (in Chicot County) in 1860. Slaves quickly transformed the beliefs of their masters, however, into a faith emphasizing equality before God and ultimate release from slavery. ", The collection of ex-slave narratives in Little Rock by the Federal Writer's [sic] Project (MC 1163), Bearing Witness: memories of Arkansas slavery narratives from the 1930s WPA collections, Women and Slavery in America: A Documentary History, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Population Census for Arkansas, Census Schedules - "Manuscript" Agricultural Census for Arkansas, https://uark.libguides.com/historyarkansas, MC 1160: Trulock Family Papers, Correspondence, 1837-1869, Plantation Records (Louisiana State University Department of Archives), Records of Ante-bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War, DocumentingtheAmericanSouth:NorthAmericanSlaveNarratives, Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A Transnational Archive. More than half of these slaves were shipped to the Caribbean and South America.