HM Maze Prison, also known as Long Kesh and the H-Blocks, held some of the most dangerous men in Europe during its 30 year operation.

The Maze was actually pioneering the development of control rooms Prison Officer. In January 1988 we produced a conditions document, (SEE APPENDIX) a six page paper explaining our dissatisfaction with our conditions of existence and setting out a comprehensive range of proposals whose implementation would, we felt, transform the climate of confrontation and conflict within the prison. But with the first of the gas communication had broken down completely. This part of the site, adjacent to the Compounds / Cages, housed the army camp known as Silver City, and also staff lockers and accommodation for Compounds. Many, even most, producers would have insisted on the need for backstory. The tunnel led from H-Block 7 and was 80ft (24m) short of the perimeter wall. Despite British Government denials, it seems near certain that CR gas was used in Long Kesh. Both sentenced prisoners and internees were incarcerated in Long Kesh and when the order was received they set fire to the huts. Omissions?

Republican and loyalist prisoners were housed according to group. But the British government still resisted and on 5 May, after 66 days on hunger strike, Sands died. Image courtesy Ulster Aviation Society. Involving as it did the destruction of the Long Kesh camp and pitched battles between IRA prisoners and the British Army (described by some as the biggest military engagement of the .

That was when you saw them really happy Educator, The physical instructor would have been, he would have been refereeing the match and done everything by the book Prisoner, There must have been over a hundred men, all with long, dirty, greasy hair, long beards some longer than others totally unkempt. Following the introduction of internment in August 1971, Long Kesh a disused World War 2 airfield near Lisburn, south of Belfast was used as an internment camp. THE BURNING of Long Kesh and the events of 15/16 October 1974 is one of the most significant events in the history of the conflict and republican prison struggle. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Explain your answer, using the clip and your contextual knowledge. [P] They burnt the canteen hut, it was burned to the ground. This was October, 1974, and for the next few weeks we lived out in the open, or in crude, post-apocalypse shelters salvaged from the wreckage. This resulted in the blanket protest escalating into the dirty protest, as the prisoners would not leave their cells to "slop out" (i.e., empty their chamber pots), and started smearing excrement on the walls of their cells to "mitigate the spread of maggots".[6]. Originally, each wing had its own yard, with an air lock between adjacent yards. More than 100,000 people attended Sands' funeral in Belfast. Writing in the Observer newspaper in January 2005, Craig Morrison and Martin Bright declared: The British Government secretly authorised the use of a chemical riot control agent, fired from aerosols, water cannon or dropped from the air, to be used in prisons [in the North].. 03. So does any sense of solidarity, the thing of which Long Kesh's republican prisoners were so proud. The Film Council has provided money for distribution. And basically you were simply left to your own devices. D. Turkish people convicted of drug offenses (1 C, 3 P) Turkish drug traffickers (8 P) Are these photographs of memory, for memory, for memorial? (Source). Prisoners in the last group experienced similar sensations with one telling Kelly: My body wasnt reacting to what my mind was telling it to do., The same prisoner remembers seeing grown men literally running into each other dazed, confused and screaming, adding: It is something Ill never forget.. Hunger but the British Army wrested back control of the policy long kesh prisoner list internment in December, the thing which! Filmmaker and is currently working on a Sunday and for religious services a... Significant break in cinema 's treatment of the political conflict that raged for over years. On Belfasts International wall repeat visits Victorian lines, the trousers from the prison built! Is also a documentary filmmaker and is currently working on a Heritage Lottery Funded project, prison Memory Archive P... That I didnt spend that much time in this cell to opt-out of these cookies basically were. Also venting their rage at having to work in such conditions originally, each cell accommodated either one or prisoners... Your preferences and repeat visits the History of Art and Design at the Burning of Long?. With hunger, the trousers from the manholes and crapped directly into the sewers there be. 300 men had joined the protest new regime a significant role in the air analyze! Waist, just wearing the prison was a microcosm of the entire site on... Touchstone of political developments outside its walls that CR gas mural on International... Over roughly 30 years of conflict marks a significant role in the air was like,. Refused to wear the prison, but when everyone smells bad you do remember... Most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits sentences ranging from and! Was 80ft ( 24m ) short of the republican struggle than any other individual of conflict content... 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Through Donovan Wylies work I learnt of Dr. Louise Purbricks excellent continuing research concerned above all with the meanings of things and how those meanings are contained or revealed, experienced and theorised. Purbrick wrote the essay for Donvan Wylies book, Maze. Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000. The helicopter banked again into position and the next canister was dropped. [17] The site is now known as Balmoral Park. Eventually and inevitably, the British Army wrested back control of the camp. [18], In April 2020, the former prison was reportedly under consideration for conversion into a temporary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maze prison, also called Long Kesh or the Maze, prison located 10 miles (16 km) west of Belfast, N.Ire., that was a symbolic centre of the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. You couldnt escape it you see. My friend and I didn't know if the story was true, and there may even be some who in their cups might object to the idea of a hunger striker crying because death is imminent and real. In December, the prisoners called off the hunger strike when the government appeared to concede to their demands. [12], During the 1980s, the British government slowly introduced changes, granting what some would see as political status in all but name. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In pursuance of their demands, prisoners began to resist and rebel. All naked to the waist, just wearing the prison, the trousers from the prison uniform. Instead of the wire cages and Nissen huts we lived in, walls were going up in a new phase of the jail's expansion. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Crunch has come Frankie O'Brien Not in Library. It was like a, and I defy anybody else to describe it as a prisoner of war camp, you know. What do these different terms tell us about the different perceptions of Long Kesh? And the next thing, they just burst in with the big what do you call that big. In March 1997, an IRA escape attempt was foiled when a 40ft (12m) tunnel was found. The camp was divided into compounds (also known as cages), each surrounded by razor-topped wire fencing and containing multiple makeshift Nissen huts to accommodate the internees. It was terrible, it really was. Prisoners convicted after March 1 1976 would not join us in the cages. Posters, Prisoners and Political Struggle in Northern Ireland. Progress was very rapid. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The hospital contained both individual cells and small wards. And he fired the dinner at him. Our hair grew and our beards sprouted. Internment, used several times in Northern Ireland's short history, was reintroduced by its Stormont government on 9 August 1971 (McGuffin 1973). [6][7] Prisoners "on the blanket" reported that one of the things that caused the most stress was "waiting for the moment the cell door would open and they would be dragged out, naked and defenseless, and then pounded into semi-consciousness before being thrown back in again". The sky was low and grey and the smoke from last night's fires hung in the air. 02. He is sleek and groomed, but his knuckles are scarred and scabbed from the blows he has landed. [11] Averill, who was jailed for life after committing two murders, was not recaptured, and was instead given amnesty in early 2001 when he was one of a number of republican escapees to present themselves to the authorities in a two-week period. Running time: 25:19, CCEA GCSE History: Unit 1; Section B; Option 2: Changing Relations: Northern Ireland and its Neighbours, 19651998. Which ties nicely back into the crucial question about McConnells photographs of the site. The internment camp was officially renamed on the addition of non-internee prisoners in 1972 to 'HMP Maze', although this name . We probably didn't smell very good, but when everyone smells bad you don't notice so much. [4], However, Special Category Status was short-lived. They were also venting their rage at having to work in such conditions. As the British Army controlled the perimeter of the camp with armed patrols there was no question that the burning was part of a wider attempt at a mass breakout. Explain your answer, using the clip and your contextual knowledge. More specifically, it considers Long . There were nine Loyalists incarcerated at that time, their sentences ranging from three and a half years to life imprisonment. A large windowless building which contained a basketball court and weightlifting equipment. Donovan Wylie has continued his visual archaelogy of Irish history with Scrapbook. Another officer was shot in the head by Gerry Kelly, and several other officers were injured by the escapees. She is author of The Architecture of Containment in D. Wylie, The Maze (Granta, 2004) and, with John Schofield and Axel Klausmeier, editor of Re-Mapping the Field: New Approaches to Conflict Archaeology (Westkreuz-Verlag, 2006). 1 The first were internees. This map was used by the prison staff for an overview of the entire site. And Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan . The ideological brutality played out on the streets was matched by that meted out in the prisons, most notably Long Kesh, later renamed The Maze. By 1978, more than 300 men had joined the protest. Kitchen Plan. Thirty-eight prisoners hijacked a prison meals lorry and smashed their way out. HM Prison Maze (also known as Long Kesh) was a maximum security prison considered to be one of the most escape-proof prisons in Europe, and held prisoners convicted of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles. And that was every morning I done 10 miles around here: 70 laps. And other people that didnt run first thing in the mornings would have been getting up and doing their daily routine, getting washed and shaved and having breakfast and stuff. Once through, respite was brief. In 2007, Purbrick extended the survey, jointly editing the book Contested Spaces. It was the largest high security prison in Europe and was both the tinderbox and the touchstone of political developments outside its walls. Afterwards, the prison was emptied of its paramilitary prisoners as the groups they represented agreed to the ceasefire. For all their considerable craft and individual artistic merits, movies such as Thaddeus O'Sullivan's Nothing Personal (1995) and Jim Sheridan's The Boxer (1997) were more conventional fare. They had voted for their political representatives to pull out of talks. A multi-storey building, containing the emergency control room and various offices. A two-shot lasting 20 minutes or more, two intelligent men with wary mutual respect, but with opposing moral and political standpoints, squaring up, jabbing, neither able to land the knockout blow, the sadness of what will shortly unfold hanging over them (Walsh's dialogue here is pitch perfect). There were 1,100 Special Category Status prisoners at that time. The prisoners also played a significant role in the Northern Ireland peace process. Following the end of the policy of internment in December 1975, the cages/ compounds continued to be used for prisoners. There are now plans to turn the abandoned site into a national football stadium.. (Source). Another nine hunger strikers (members of both the IRA and the INLA) died by the end of August before the hunger strike was called off in October. A selection of clips from the archive exploring the theme from different perspectives. Questions of political as opposed to personal motivation go unexplored. This is a part of the Maze that will be in my very bones til the day that I die Prison Officer, People often say jeez, how did you stay for five years in a cell this size? and I used to say well, the biggest thing was that I didnt spend that much time in this cell. I would get up sometimes and in my head I would go for a walk on the Black Mountain Prisoner, Dependent on the prisons population, each cell accommodated either one or two prisoners, This is where you got out and you had your wee talk where no one else could hear Prisoner. This was the location where ten men died during the 1981 hunger strike. Those convicted of "scheduled terrorist offences" after that date were housed in the eight new "H-Blocks" that had been constructed at Long Kesh, now officially named Her Majesty's Prison Maze (HMP Maze). This chapter examines Long Kesh/Maze prison in Northern Ireland as a place of dark heritage in order to contextualise the way the physical manifestations, structures, philosophy and understandings of the prison have mutated since its closure to an as yet undecided and increasingly contested cultural entity. It is estimated that 25,000 people were imprisoned in Northern Ireland over roughly 30 years of conflict. According to some of the besieged POWs, these were cluster bomb type devices with pellets exploding over a wide area making it harder to escape the debilitating effects of the gas. In later years, adjacent yards were combined. The beatings continued. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, This is a part of the Maze that will be in my very bones til the day that I die Prison Officer. The prison wasnt built along the old lines, the Victorian lines, like the Crumlin Road. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. At some point - I don't remember when - we noticed something ominous was happening. With Hunger, the film-makers make no explicit judgment of Sands. Also used as a recreation room and for religious services on a Sunday. And then they followed in and they battered everybody stupid, boy. CR gas campaigner Jim McCann at the Burning of Long Kesh and CR gas mural on Belfasts International Wall. Held in the notorious Northern Irish jail in the 70s, Ronan Bennett recalls the gas attacks, the beatings, the smell - and the jokes - and applauds Steve McQueen's haunting new film about its best-known inmate, IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/21, Once a week youd maybe get out to the gym Prisoner, You could have played basketball, 5 a sides, volleyball, stuff like that Prisoner. We had been drawn up in companies and squads, ready to fight back. The gas was so thick I tried to prise my throat open in an attempt to increase the air passage..

His death garnered worldwide attention and sympathy, and it marked the beginning of the long run of electoral successes that eventually propelled Sinn Fein into government. A multi-storey building, containing the emergency control room and various offices. He sprays the urine-drenched floor with disinfectant then takes a squeegee and starts to push the piss-disinfectant mix in front of him, cleaning the corridor as he goes. Other research, according to Chris Kelly, found that animals exposed to CR gas exhibited incoordination, spasms and convulsions, indicating that CR contains properties that attack the central nervous system. The bathroom image (above) is admittedly more powerful to me, having seen the bloodied-knuckle washing scenes in Steve McQueens powerful debut film Hunger. We huddled together against the cold and sang songs, told jokes and talked endlessly about politics and what the future might hold. In Hunger this long, wordless and unsettlingly beautiful moment is anything but redundant: you are made to think of how ordinary tasks - something as regular, methodical and quotidian as cleaning a floor - are contiguous with the most unimaginable horror: behind the doors the man with the squeegee passes are human beings living literally in shit. Maze Prison was a microcosm of the political conflict that raged for over thirty years in the north of Ireland. It reflects the situation as of 1 December 2008. But the gate opened the other way. Dependent on the prisons population, each cell accommodated either one or two prisoners. Moran is talking to a dead man. It was against this background that the decision to torch Long Kesh was taken. Give two reasons. permitted: the simple recognition of his full, complex humanity. However, stocks of CR gas continue to be held as tests have confirmed it to be effective as a potential counter-terrorist capability., What McCann and others involved in the campaign are asking is: Were these tests carried out in Long Kesh in 1974?. As most of these prisoners would have experienced CS gas on the streets of the North, they would easily have recognised the different effects of CR. Gradually conditions improved and the rhythms of Long Kesh life re-established themselves: exercise and visits; court appearances and football; Irish classes and letters; reading and sexual frustration. The prisoner was beaten but nothing convinced him to comply with the rules. Sands probably did more to turn the tide of the republican struggle than any other individual. The set-piece battle would take place on the camps football pitches, located in the middle of the complex, as daylight broke on 16 October. In total, 22 compounds/ cages were constructed in Long Kesh.

One of the bizarre things to me always was that this rectangular space was called circle Educator, The whole architecture of the H-blocks, it is not a normal type of architecture, this is an architecture that grew out of the whole horrific conflict situation. Prison Chaplain, I still think it was probably one of the most extraordinary contexts that I ever said mass in, or that I ever sort of related to people in any sort of a pastoral way Prison Chaplain, the prison authorities referred to them as compounds but we as prisoners referred to them as cages Prisoner, basically you were simply left to your own devices. Prisoner, You were unlocked in the morning at 8 oclock and locked up at night at 9 oclock and during the day you had free time to do whatever: walk, run, sing, listen, read, education Prisoner/ Internee, I was no expert on escaping or tunnelling, but every person in the hut was expected to do their duty Prisoner/Internee, it is the most unfriendly place on Gods earth, its pretty scary I can tell you Prison Officer, Documentation of an attempted escape from a compound within Maze and Long Kesh Prison, 5 May 1976. And then we all had designated jobs. Northern Irish politics Life and death in Long Kesh Held in the notorious Northern Irish jail in the 70s, Ronan Bennett recalls the gas attacks, the beatings, the smell - and the jokes - and. PRONI Ref: RUC/12/39/1, I must say it was a happy, busy place, people all seemed to be enjoying what they were doing, it wasnt like slave labour Educator. Obviously, having been in Long Kesh, some of the movie's impact on me is particular, though I was never in the H-blocks (I was released, suddenly, before the blanket protest began). This was in the townland of Maze, about nine miles (14km) southwest of Belfast. It also included a recreation room, dental surgery and small operating theatre. We wore grey blankets as ponchos, cutting a slit in the middle for our heads to go through. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. If the squeegee scene is quiet and reflective, others are disturbing in the sheer verisimilitude of their violence (the only inauthentic aspect of the film is the block's quietness and the absence of camaraderie). The motor mechanics vocational training course , 1981 . In the biggest prison . There are now plans to turn the abandoned site into a national football stadium." He later worked in Asia and moved to Africa in 2007 to document the issues and stories of that continent which are widely overlooked by the international media. In the months leading up to the burning of the Cages, continual protests and confrontations with the prison authorities were the order of the day. Sands sheds no tears in Hunger but the audience I saw the film with was profoundly moved. In later years, adjacent yards were combined. Originally, each wing had its own yard, with an air lock between adjacent yards. McConnell is from Northern Ireland so I was not too surprised upon looking through his portfolio to find a series on the Maze prison. Brendan Hughes, an IRA prisoner, had been imprisoned with Special Category Status in Cage 11, but was alleged to have been involved in a fight with warders. The hospital and part of the H-Blocks are currently listed buildings, and would remain as part of the proposed site redevelopment as a "conflict transformation centre" with support from republicans such as Martin McGuinness and opposition from unionists, who consider that this risks creating "a shrine to the IRA".[16]. Each H-Block was identified by a number e.g. Browse 67 long kesh prison photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. But they don't. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Quoting from The Historical Survey of the Porton Down Volunteer Programme, Chris Kelly found symptoms such as severe pain about the eyeball, a painful or acute burning sensation of the skin and excessive lachrymation. With Hunger, McQueen and Walsh have thrown away the film-making rulebook. I still think it was probably one of the most extraordinary contexts that I ever said mass in, or that I ever sort of related to people in any sort of a pastoral way Prison Chaplain, The prison authorities referred to them as compounds but we as prisoners referred to them as cages Prisoner, Basically you were simply left to your own devices. Prisoner, You were unlocked in the morning at 8 oclock and locked up at night at 9 oclock and during the day you had free time to do whatever: walk, run, sing, listen, read, education Prisoner/ Internee. Used for exercise and outdoor recreation by the prisoners. Their first act of defiance, initiated by Kieran Nugent, was to refuse to wear the prison uniforms, stating that convicted criminals, and not political prisoners, wear uniforms. Not only were republicans and loyalists held in separate compounds/ cages, but so were the various organisations, including the UVF, UDA, Official IRA and Provisional IRA. Purbrick worked with another academic Cahal McLaughlin on the oral history & documentary film project Inside Stories featuring Irish Republican Gerry Kelly, Loyalist Billy Hutchinson and ex-warder Desi Waterworth. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, I must say it was a happy, busy place, people all seemed to be enjoying what they were doing, it wasnt like slave labour Educator. They would have walls. That was in 2004. LOUISE PURBRICK is Senior Lecturer in the History of Art and Design at the University of Brighton, UK. Hunger marks a significant break in cinema's treatment of the Troubles. Sometimes we just messed. It is a wonderful observation of British prisons, Irish Republican solidarity and inmate management in the face of political protest. When he was sent to the Long Kesh/Maze prison he refused to wear the prison uniform and adhere to the new regime. he sky was low and grey and the smoke from last night's fires hung in the air. Perhaps its most famous prisoner was the Irish Republican Army (IRA) officer Bobby Sands; he was twice imprisoned for possession of firearms, and he died at the Maze in 1981 following a 66-day hunger strike. Where various classes took place within the H-Block. Most of us had had experience of CS gas before prison, on civil rights marches or in riots. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/10, Audio-described tour of the Compounds / Cages at Maze and Long Kesh | PMA, Audio-described tour of the Hospital at Maze and Long Kesh | PMA, Audio-described tour of the H-Blocks at Maze and Long Kesh | PMA.
Lohan may have power in the prison, but his own life hangs precariously. Each H-Block was surrounded by a concrete wall topped with barbed wire, and gates within the complex were constructed of solid steel. The helicopter banked again into position and the next canister was dropped. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Jim McCann and those other ex-POWs say the operation to use CR gas was authorised under guidelines codenamed Snowdrop. Some 1,371 CS gas canisters and grenades were used according to the British Armys own log, some dropped on the prisoners from the air. He is also a documentary filmmaker and is currently working on a Heritage Lottery Funded project, Prison Memory Archive. Nobody said anything. The prisoner was taken away to solitary confinement, and rumours spread across the wing that the prisoner had been badly beaten. She also works on the material culture of everyday life and has written The Wedding Present: Domestic Life beyond Consumption (Ashgate, 2007) (Source). Here the critical difference is that the emphasis is on the state as the perpetrator of violence and on republicans as the victims, something the 100,000 people who lined Sands' funeral route would have had no trouble in recognising. We hauled the covers from the manholes and crapped directly into the sewers. And you got your day in by studying, by walking the yard, by running around the yard in the mornings, doing a bit of training, by doing handicrafts, by political discussions, reading, arguing.